t\hv<xvy  of  t:he  trheolocjical  ^eminarjp 

PRINCETON  .  NEW  JERSEY 

FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
ROBERT  ELLIOTT  SPEER 

BV  2570  .H35  1914 

Halsey,  Abram  Woodruff,  18! 

-1921. 

"Go  and  tell  John"        I 


"Go  and  Tell  John" 

A  Sketch  of  the  Medical 
and  Philanthropic  TVork 

of  the 

Board  of  Foreign   Missions  of   the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.S.A. 


Abram  Woodruff  Halsey 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A. 
156    FIFTH    AVENUE,     NEW    YORK 

FEBRUARY,       19    14 


DEDICATION 

In  loving  memory  of  John  H. 
Converse  and  Louis  H.  Severance, 
whose  generous  gifts  made  possible 
the  Converse  Hospital  at  Miraj, 
India,  and  the  Severance  Hospital 
at  Seoul,  Korea — institutions  which 
attest  the  devotion  of  these  men  of 
God  to  medical  missions,  and  fur- 
nish examples  worthy  of  all  imita- 
tion by  Christian  laymen  throughout 
the  world. 


PREFACE 

The  aim  of  this  volume  is  to  "Tell  John"  in  simple 
language  the  story  of  the  medical  and  philanthropic 
work  carried  on  by  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions.  It  is  a  sketch,  not  a  history.  It  is  a  story,  not 
a  treatise  on  methods  and  principles  of  medical  missionary 
work.  The  incidents  are  gleaned  largely  from  the  records 
of  recent  years.  Any  attempt  to  gather  the  full  harvest 
would  require  not  one,  but  several  volumes. 

A  series  of  appendices  furnish  a  full  list  of  the  medical 
missionaries  of  the  Board  in  service  February,  19 14;  a  con- 
cise account  of  the  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries  under  care 
of  the  Board ;  a  catalogue  of  diseases  treated  so  far  as 
they  have  been  reported  by  the  missionaries  of  the  Board ; 
and  a  statement  showing  the  number  of  patients  ministered 
to  in  a  decade,  together  with  the  amount  appropriated  by 
the  Board  and  the  amount  received  on  the  field,  for  the 
same  period. 

A  separate  appendix  will  be  published  subsequently 
giving  as  accurately  as  possible  the  names  of  all  those  who 
have  served  the  Board  as  medical  missionaries  in  the 
seventy-six  years  of  its  history. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


Introduction.     The  Task  of  the  Medical  Missionary,       9 

Chapter  I.     The  BHnd  Receive  Their  Sight,    .         .21 

II.     The  Lame  Walk,   .         -         ...     29 

"     III.     The  Lepers  Are  Cleansed,      .         .         -35 

"      IV.     The  Deaf  Hear— The  Dead  Are  Raised 

Up, 41 

"       V.     The  Poor   Have   the   Gospel   Preached 

to  Them,        •.,•••     5^ 

"      VI.     The  Last  Beatitude,        ....     59 

Appendices: 

A.     Medical  Missionaries  under  Appointment  of 

the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions — Feb.  i,  1914,     65 

.     B.     The  Present  Medical  Work:    Hospitals  and 

Dispensaries,  ......     69 

C.  Number  of    Patients   Treated   in    Hospitals 
and  Dispensaries  for  Ten  Years,  .         .         .122 

D.  Partial  List  of   Diseases  Treated  in  Various 
Countries,      .         .         .         .         .         .         .123 


The  Task  of  the  Medical  Missionary 

"He  took  my  sickness  into  his  own  heart,"  said  a  Chinese 
preacher  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  when  he  was  informed  of  the 
death,  in  North  China,  of  a  noble  medical  missionary.  In  this 
simple  phrase  he  defined  the  task  of  the  medical  missionary.  The 
non-Christian  world  can  say  of  the  medical  missionary,  as  was 
said  long  ago  of  his  Master,  "Himself  took  our  infirmities  and  bare 
our  sicknesses." 

"The  great  aim  of  the  hospital,"  reads  the  report  of  the  Sev- 
erance Hospital,  at  Seoul,  Korea,  "is  to  do  all  the  work  so  as  to 
exemplify  the  mind  of  Christ,  produce  Christians  out  of  patients, 
and  Christian  workers  out  of  graduates  from  our  medical  and 
nurses'  training  schools." 

The  first  medical  missionary  went  to  Siam  in  1835.  He  opened 
a  dispensary  on  the  5th  day  of  August.  On  the  22nd  of  the  month 
he  wrote,  "The  sick  crowd  upon  me,  our  compound  being  literally 
filled  from  sunrise  to  sunset  with  wretchedly  diseased  bodies  and 
priceless  souls,  who  are  as  sheep  without  a  shepherd." 

"The  diseased  bodies  and  priceless  souls"  are  to  be  found 
everywhere  in  the  non-Christian  world.  It  is  the  mission  of  the 
medical  missionary  to  heal  the  body  and,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
purify  the  soul. 

The  non-Christian  world  is  a  sick  world.  In  India,  where  the 
strong  hand  of  the  British  Empire  has  long  been  felt  and  the 
blessings  of  modern  civilization  have  multiplied  with  the  years 
the  great  mass  of  the  people 
are  without  any  proper  medical 
care.  The  Year  Book  of  Mis- 
sions in  India,  in  a  recent  issue, 
states :  "Even  as  a  merely  phil- 
anthropic agency,  as  a  means  to 
lessening  the  sum  of  human 
misery  and  increasing  the  sum 
of  human  happiness,  medical 
missions  are  worth  more  than 
all  the  money  they  cost."  The 
need  for  medical  relief  in  India, 
in  spite  of  all  that  is  being  done 
by  the  Government,  is  greater 
than  is  popularly  supposed.  A 
few  years  ago,  a  British  officer 
in  Calcutta  gathered  statistics 
showing  that  out  of  50,000  per- 
sons who  had  died  in  a  period 
of  five  years,  62  per  cent,  re- 
ceived no  medical  help  of  any 
kind  whatever. 

Even  the  politician  is  recog- 
nizing the  value  of  medical  prac- 


l!il)le  women  and  nuisc  helpcis  at  Tsinanfu, 
Cliina 


Dr.    Maud   Allen   and   her   Jutal    helpers,    India 


tice   as   an   ally. 
Certain       Euro- 
pean powers  are 
sending  phy- 
sicians   as    well 
as    diplomats   to 
the  Orient.  This 
is   illustrated   in 
the   case   of  the 
Germans     in 
Shantung,  of  the 
French     in 
Southern  China, 
and     more     re- 
cently,   of    hos- 
pitals     e  s  t  a  b- 
lished  in  Korea, 
made       possible 
partly     by     the 
gifts   of   philan- 
thropic     Japan- 
ese   and    partly 
by   the   support   of   the   Government.      It   is   the   opinion   of   those 
best   informed   on   the   subject   that   ninety   out    of   a   hundred   of 
those  who  die  in  the  non-Christian  world,   especially  outside   of 
the  great  cities,   die  unattended  by  any  physician.      In   the   Pres- 
byterian Hospital  at  Miraj, India, 
from  eight  to  nine  hundred  vil- 
lages   are   annually    represented 
in  the   patients   who   apply   for 
treatment.      The    distance   trav- 
eled by  the  patients  in  a  single 
year  averaged  185  miles.     The 
number  of  treatments  given  in 
the    hospitals    and    dispensaries 
connected  with  this  one  institu- 
tion in  1912-13   reached  47,000. 
It  matters  not  whether  we 
turn   to    darkest   Africa   or   en- 
lightened  Syria,   the   same   dire 
need  meets  us.     "I  left  Batta," 
writes  a  medical  missionary  on 
the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  "for 
a    long    walk    through    Spanish 
Guinea.     I  saw  people  writhing 
in  agony  and  delirium  of  death 
where  there  is  no  water  given, 
or  fire,   or  any  comforts  what- 
ever. They  were  left  to  die  alone 
on   the   hard,    cold    earth   with- 
out a  drop  of  water  to  wet  their 
parched  lips.     I  saw  those  who 

10 


Case    treated    at    Canton    Hospital 


would  surely  die  if  left  alone,  but  who  could  be  saved  with  treat- 
ment. I  saw  patients  covered  with  witch  medicine  that  could  only 
be  cured  by  the  most  skillful  treatment.  They  had  chains  of 
brass,  supposed  to  be  medicine  to  keep  off  their  disease,  but  the 
disease  was  stronger  than  the  medicine." 

A  physician  at  Tripoli  writes : 

"  'God  loves  little  children,  or  they  would  die' ;  so  says 
an  Arab  proverb.  A  woman  brought  her  babe,  a  month 
old,  saying  it  could  not  nurse.  The  under  side  of  its 
tongue  had  been  burned  with  a  hot  knitting  needle.  This 
was  done  to  prevent  its  crying.  It  was  eft'ectual,  as  the 
tongue  was  so  badly  swollen  it  filled  the  mouth.  Another 
mother  brought  her  babe  of  three  months ;  its  tongue  had 
been  burned  and  its  tonsils  gouged  out.  To  prevent  a  pos- 
sible inflammation  in  the  future,  a  burned  place,  the  size 
of  a  twenty-five  cent  piece,  was  on  the  top  of  its  head,  to 
keep  off  the  Evil  Eye.  The  child  died,  and  its  mother 
cannot  tell  whether  it  was  the  swollen  tongue,  the  extensive 
inflammation  of  the  throat,  the  Evil  Eye  or  the  providence 
of  God  which  caused  its  death.  Another  child  had  a  horrible 
burn  over  its  stomach  to  cure  the  colic.  A  young  woman 
was  steamed  over  a  copper  vessel  of  boiling  water,  to 
cure  rheumatism,  and  she  was  so  horribly  burned  that  she 
will  die.  The  experience  of  Syrians  in  America  does  not 
seem  to  cure  them  of  the  customs  of  burning  and  bleed- 
ing to  cure  disease.  Just  imagine  having  a  red  hot  iron 
run  up  and  down  your  spine  to  cure  neuralgic  pain,  which 
will  disappear  to-morrow  without  treatment,  then  being 
obliged  to  go  to  the  doctor  to  have  the  burns  cured.  This 
is  not  a  fancy  picture,  but  an  actual,  almost  daily  oc- 
currence." 

No  medical  missionary  sent  out  by  the  Board  in  seventy-five 
years  has  ever  lacked  for  patients.  The  halt,  the  lame,  the  blind, 
the  leper,  crowd  upon  him.  Whatever  may  be  the  excellencies  of 
non-Christian  religions,  they  utterly  fail  to  care  for  the  ills  that 
flesh  is  heir  to. 

The  non-Christian  world  is  an 
ignorant  world.  The  world  to 
whom  the  medical  missionary  goes 
is  ignorant  of  the  simplest  prin- 
ciples of  modern  medical  science. 
The  physician,  under  some  name, 
is  present  in  every  land,  in  every 
community,  but  his  knowledge  is 
limited  and  his  sympathies  per- 
verted.      "There    is    another    dis-  „_ 

order    in    China,"    wrote    Le    Comte        Cakuhis   removed  by   Dr.   Loh,   a  native 

in  his  Memoirs,  "a  great  deal  more      young  woman  trained  at  the  e.  a.  k. 

J  ,1  ,1  .i  1  Ilackctt   Medical   College,   Canton 

dangerous  than  that  they  lay  to  our 

charge,  and  that  is,  that  everybody  is  permitted  to  practice 
physic   like    other   mechanical    arts,    without    examination    or    tak- 

11 


ing  a  degree."  This  was  true  of  China  in  Le  Comte's  day.  It 
is  ^doubly  true  to-day  in  China  as  well  as  in  other  non-Chris- 
tian lands.  The  sorcerer,  the  charlatan,  the  witch  doctor,  the 
exorcists,  the  medical  practitioner  of  some  sort,  is  everywhere 
present,  and  in  most  cases,  inefficient  or  worse;  in  many  in- 
stances the  vile  concoctions  prepared  for  the  patients  having 
no  relation  to  the  disease.  Surgery  is  practically^^  unknown. 
"If  one  developed  a  tumor  on  the  back  of  the  neck,"  quotes  a 
physician  in  China,  "then  it  grew  until  the  weight  in  the  back  of 
the  head  was  relieved  by  carrying  the  growth  on  a  pole.  If  bhnd 
from  cataract,  blind  he  remained,— no  hospital,  no  nurse,  no  trained 
hand  to  relieve  any  case  of  suffering  of  the  most  simple  character." 
In  one  village,  not  twenty  miles  from  the  hospital  at  Chieng  Mai, 
Siam,  many  o'f  the  people  aver  that  the  white  physician  will  give 
poison  to  kill  the  patient.     In  India  the  ignorance  is  appalling. 

"An  Indian  friend  of  ours  had  a  cane  with  a  little  crook  at  the 
end.  The  virtue  of  this  cane  was  that,  if  you  put  honey  on  the 
crooked  handle  and  suck  it  the  day  before  you  are  bitten,  it  cures 
a  scorpion  bite." 

A  woman,  sorely  afflicted  with  disease,  who  came  regularly  for 
treatment  to  the  hospital  at  Lahore,  was  cured.  She  ascribed  her 
cure  to  the  advice  of  a  friend  who  told  her  that  when  she  got  a 
fit  she  should  cook  two  chapatties  and  feed  them  to  a  stray  black 
dog.     She  did  this  twice  and  was  cured. 

On  account  of  this  ignorance  the  physician  requires  unlimited 
patience  in  dealing  with  sick  folk  in  the  non-Christian  world.  The 
following  conversation  took  place  in  Korea  between  a  medical  mis- 
sionary and  a  patient. 

Patient:     "Are  you  in  peace  and  how  is  your  precious  body?" 
Doctor:     "I  am' well,  thanks,  have  you  come  for  medicine?" 
Patient:     "Yes,  your  fame  as  a  healer  has  penetrated  to  all 
directions  and  I've  walked  fifty  miles  to  see  you." 
Doctor:    "How  old  are  you?" 
Patient:    "Who,  I?" 
Doctor:     "Yes,  how  old  are  you?" 

Patient:  "Oh!  I  was  born  on  the  tenth  day  of  the  fourth 
moon  of  the  second  year  of  the  present  King's  reign." 

Doctor:  "I  understand  what  you're  talking  about  but  your 
meaning  isn't  very  clear.  Just  to  show  there  is  no  hard  feelings 
between  us,  please  tell  me  your  age." 

Patient:  "Cawsigy!  (an  exclamation)  I  have  eaten  thirty 
birthday  cakes." 

At  this  the  doctor  takes  a  long  breath,  wipes  the  sweat  from 
his  forehead,  and  continues  with  the  interrogation. 
Doctor:     "Where  do  you  live?" 

Patient:  "Anybody  can  tell  you  where  I  live.  Just  take  the 
big  road  and  travel  until  you  get  nearly  in  sight  of  the  big  temple, 
turn  to  the  left  and  there  is  my  house." 

Doctor:  "Pardon  my  stupidity,  but  as  I  have  not  lived  long 
in  this  country,  I  don't  know  all  the  people;  so  please  tell  me 
your  village." 

12 


Patient :  "I  live  in — magistracy,  but  don't  see  what  bearing 
that  has  on  the  case ;  give  me  some  medicine." 

Doctor:  "If  I  might  indulge  your  patience  a  little  further, 
I'd  like  you  to  tell  me,  with  as  little  saliva  as  possible,  when  and 
how  the  present  trouble  began." 

Patient :     "J\ly  neighbor  has  a  son  Kim  who  married — " 

Doctor:  "It  doesn't  matter  if  he  had  a  thousand  sons.  An- 
swer my  question." 

Patient :     "Kim  married  my  cousin  and  was — " 

Doctor:  "I  see  it  will  be  necessary  to  read  up  your  geneal- 
ogy and  so  please  bring  me  any  books  of  literature  you  have  on 
the  subject,  and  after  I  inform  myself  I'll  give  you  the  medicine." 

Patient :  "No,  I  must  have  it  now.  As  I  started  to  say,  Kim 
was  beating  his  wife,  my  cousin.  I  interfered,  and  he  struck  me 
with  his  pipe,  making  a  painful  bruise." 

He  is  given  medicine  and  others  follow. 

In  a  hospital  in  Persia,  a  part}'  of  Koords  tied  up  the  charcoal 
for  their  samovar  in  the 
bed-spread,  having  no 
very  clear  idea  of  any 
other  use  for  which  the 
bed-spread  was  designed. 

Another  patient,  in 
the  same  hospital,  had  a 
rooster  tethered  to  a  peg 
driven  in  the  cement  floor. 
The  rooster  was  con- 
cealed ;  his  hoarse  crow 
reverberating  through  the 
halls  being  the  first  an- 
nouncement of  his  pres- 
ence to  the  astonished 
physician.  In  the  hos- 
pital at  Teheran  a  ten-year-old  boy  was  to  be  operated  upon, 
and  as  the  operation  was  not  only  delicate,  but  one  endanger- 
ing life,  every  precaution  had  been  taken  against  sepsis.  The 
sheets  had  been  thoroughly  sterilized  and  the  bedding  was  new. 
The  boy  stood  the  operation  nicely  and  when  the  physician  saw 
him  the  next  day  all  seemed  to  be  going  on  well.  The  doctor, 
putting  his  hand  on  the  bed,  felt  something  move  under  the  cover. 
Raising  the  blanket,  out  jumped  a  pet  duck  and  ran  across  the 
floor  crying  'quack  quack!'  As  the  word  for  charlatan  in  Persian 
is  not  the  same  as  in  English,  the  physician  did  not  feel  that  there 
was  anything  personal  in  the  remark  of  this  Persian  duck.  The 
mother,  who  was  nursing  the  child,  upon  being  asked  why  she 
permitted  such  a  thing,  replied,  with  a  shrug  of  the  shoulder,  'that 
the  boy's  heart  wanted  it.'  l''.ven  among  ofiicials  of  high  rank 
exanii)les  of  ap])alling  ignf)rance  are  found.  An  official  in  Laos 
asked  a  physician  to  extract  a  painful  tooth,  which  was  so  loose  it 
could  have  been  lifted  out  by  the  patient's  own  fingers.  On  seeing 
the  denial  instruments  he  was  much  perturbed.  The  happy  thought 
occurred  to  him  to  try  it  on  another.     So  he  promptly  ordered  a 

13 


First    surgical    operation    performed    at    Kaiig    Kai. 
Korea 


Part  of  the  vaccinating  staff  of  the  Charles  T.  Van  Santvoord  Hospital,  Lakawn 

lesser  official,  who  was  sitting  near,  to  have  his  tooth  extracted. 
This  was  done  under  his  supervision,  and  being  assured  by  the 
substitute  that  it  was  not  in  the  least  painful.  His  Highness  sub- 
mitted to  the  extraction  of  the  loose  tooth.  Both  he  and  his  physician 
were  very  much  pleased.  He  presented  the  physician  with  a  large 
fee,  and  his  wife  sent  the  physician's  wife  a  silver  box;  while  the 
incident  furnished  his  large  household  a  topic  of  conversation  for 
a  long  time. 

It  is  true  that  among  those  who  have  accepted  the  Gospel  there 
is  a  higher  degree  of  intelligence,  but  not  without  much  ignorance 
as  well.  A  Christian  elder  in  Korea,  a  man  who  quite  believed  in 
the  use  of  quinine  to  cure  malarial  fever,  being  ill  with  fever,  was 
furnished  with  a  quantity  of  the  drug  and  given  specific  directions 
to  take  several  doses  each  day.  When  again  seen,  after  a  num- 
ber of  days,  he  was  no  better.  "Have  you  taken  the  quinine?" 
"Yes,"  he  replied,  "I  take  two  grains  every  day."  "But  that  is  not 
sufficient.  Don't  you  remember  the  directions  about  taking  many 
doses  a  day?"  "Oh,  yes,  but  taken  in  that  way  the  medicine  would 
soon  all  be  gone." 

A  patient  in  India  was  given  three  strips  of  mustard  plaster 
to  apply  at  home.  The  next  day  she  returned  no  better.  On  in- 
quiry, it  was  found  that  she  had  eaten  the  plaster  at  meals  during 
the  day.  The  treatment  given  by  the  native  practitioner,  who  is 
supposed  to  be  better  informed  than  the  patient,  illustrates  the 
dense  ignorance  of  the  people. 

14 


"I  have  heard,"  writes  a  physician  from  Yeung  Kong, 
China,  "of  a  new  cure   for  inflammation  of  the  throat, 
namely,  eight  cockroaches,  each  as  large  as  your  thumb, 
taken   raw.      One  woman  attempted   to   remove   an   ulcer 
from  her  leg  with  quick  lime ;  the  ulcer  disappeared  as  well 
as  most  of  her  leg  and,  as  she  refused  amputation,  I  sup- 
pose she  has  since  died.    We  have  a  small  flock  of  goats, 
one  of  which  we  have  several  times  loaned  over  night  to 
neighbors  at  their  request.     It  seems  there  is  a  certain 
'wind'  which  a  child  catches,  for  which  a  goat,  in  close 
proximity,  is  the  antidote.     I  have  no  doubt  but  that  the 
goat  effects  a  change  of  atmosphere!" 
These  illustrations,  taken  at  random  from  many 
fields,  could  be  indefinitely  multiplied.     Ignorance  is 
the  base  of  a  large  amount  of  the  medical  treatment 
given  by  native  practitioners. 

The  non-Christian  world  is  also  a  siipcrstifious 
world.  Animism,  the  fear  or  worship  of  evil  spirits, 
underlies  all  heathen  religion  and  dominates  all  the 
life  of  the  heathen  world.     This  is  not  only  true  of  .  ^ 

Africa  but  of   India,   China,   Persia,   the   Philippines,         '^^^Ktm^ 
Siam  and  Laos,  and  practically  all  non-Christian  peo-  T 

pies.  The  god  of  heathendom  is  a  god  of  fear,  a 
god  of  evil.  This  enters  largely  into  the  conception 
of  disease,  sickness,  disaster,  and  every  kind  of  mis- 
fortune. The  witch  doctors  have  a  certain  worldly 
wisdom.  They  know  the  use  of  various  herbs  and 
plants.  Some  of  their  remedies  have  a  curative  value,  ^Kacheie'Hospftai' 
but  the  greatest  ingredient  is  superstition. 

At  Leyte,  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  not  later  than  the  year 
1912,  a  woman  supposed  to  be  a  witch  was  brought  with  her  child 
to  the  missionary  physician.  Both  were  frightfully  mutilated, 
cruelly  cut  with  bolos.  The  woman  had  a  compound  fracture  of 
the  skull,  the  brain  being  exposed.  The  child's  head  was  also  laid 
open.  The  superstitious  F'ilipinos  in  the  mountains  believed  that 
this  woman  was  a  witch.  The  only  way  of  destroying  the  witch 
was  to  kill  the  mother  and  child.  The  skill  of  the  physician  frus- 
trated this  diabolical  scheme. 

In  West  Africa  a  missionary  was  called  to  see  a  woman  who 
had  been  shot.  She  was  a  beautiful  Bulu  woman.  Nine  days  after 
the  shooting  she  died  and  was  buried  in  the  streets.  A  witch, 
which  supposedly  was  taken  out  of  her,  was  burned  in  a  fire  that 
friends  made  over  the  grave. 

A  missionary  in  Plamadan,  late  one  night,  received  a  "hurry 
call"  to  visit  a  patient.  After  a  long  tramp  through  mud  and  slush 
she  reached  the  home.  The  patient  was  unconscious.  A  very 
simple  operation  was  all  that  was  necessary,  but  a  group  of  women, 
including  the  mother,  refused  to  allow  the  operation.  The  doc- 
tor appealed  to  the  husband  and  to  the  father,  but  the  women  of 
the  household  would  not  consent  to  allow  one  of  their  number 
to  be  contaminated  by  a  "Christian  do^."  The  patient  died  without 
treatment  because  of  superstition  as  base  and  as  illogical  as  that 

15 


H 


Dispensary   assistants    at    MacLean    Station,    West    Africa 

to  be  found  in  the  densest  African  jungle.     The  so-called  superior- 
ity of  Islam  is  not  apparent  to  the  medical  missionary. 

Superstition  meets  the  medical  missionary  everywhere.  At 
the  Ferozepur  Hospital  in  India  a  Sikh  woman  was  brought  in, 
threatened  with  peritonitis. 

"The  symptoms  were  relieved  and,  on  the  fourth  day, 
she  seemed  on  the  road  to  recovery.  But  she  had  the  firm 
belief  that  the  spirit  of  her  husband's  first  wife  was  an- 
noying her.  A  second  wife  always  wears  the  picture  of 
the  first  wife  around  her  neck.  It  is  on  a  piece  of  silver. 
To  be  sure,  all  these  first  wives  bear  such  a  wonderful 
resemblance  to  one  another  that  their  own  mothers  could 
not  tell  them  apart.  Our  patient's  husband  said  her  ill- 
ness began  after  she  had  been  under  a  pipul  tree,  which, 
you  know  is  a  sacred  tree.  She  had  heard  the  spirits 
whispering  in  the  tree.  All  the  fifth  day  in  the  hospital 
she  lay  without  speaking.  A  wise  man  performed  in- 
cantations over  some  ashes  and  she  was  made  to  swallow 
this  powder.  The  next  day  she  seemed  better,  and  an- 
swered questions.  The  ashes  had  been  beneficial !  The 
day  after  she  screamed  most  of.  the  time  and  seemed  to 
be  fighting  something  away.  She  was  unconscious  the 
following  day,  and  died  in  the  evening.  I  firmly  believe  she 
was  frightened  to  death  by  some  idea  she  had  of  spirits." 
This  fear  of  evil  spirits  dominates  the  heathen  world.  The 
evil  spirit  is  supposed  to  cause  disease.  This  spirit  of  the  demon  must 
be  overcome.     This  superstition  lies  at  the  basis  of  much  misery 

16 


and  untold  suffering  throughout 
the  heathen  world.  A  nurse 
who  had  but  recently  arrived  in 
Africa  and  was  ignorant  of  the 
language  was  called  to  see  a 
woman  supposed  to  be  dying. 

I  found  her,"  writes 
this  young  nurse,  "covered 
with  goat  and  chicken  blood. 
This  was  supposed  to  kill 
the   witch   that   was   within 


V7f\f\-f  -¥-% 


her.        According     to 


my 


-Ciulc    and    giuuiu — vuuiiy    man    is    hosiutal 
assistant    at    Lakavvn,    Laos 


knowledge,  there  was  not 
any  immediate  danger.  I 
expect  her  to  be  on  the  road 
to  recovery  in  a  few  days 
and  hope  to  have  her  hus- 
band become  a  Christian. 
He  is  tall  and  strong  look- 
ing, exceptionally  loving  and  kind  to  his  wife,  but  filled 
with  fear  and  superstition.  The  wife  is  a  church  member. 
I  convinced  him  that  his  wife  would  get  well,  and  told  him 
(through  an  interpreter)  that  there  were  no  witches  con- 
nected with  God's  plan  in  building  the  human  body." 

The  young  trained  Christian  woman,  just  fresh  from  the 
medical  school,  was  more  than  a  match  for  the  superstition  of  ages. 
This  belief  in  the  witch  or  demon  being  inside  the  patient  has  much 
to  do  with  the  treatment  of  many  diseases.  The  use  of  the  "chim" 
or  needle  is  common  in  many  Oriental  lands  as  a  means  of  letting 
out  the  demon  causing  the  disease. 

A  medical  missionary  in  Peking  writes : 

'•The   Chinese  are  great  believers   in  what  they  call 


Soldiers   injured   by   cartridge   explosion— treated    at    Severance    Hospital,    Seoul 

17 


Operating  on   a  wounded  soldier,   Paotingfu 


the  'needle  method'  of  curing  disease.  This  consists  in 
inserting  steel  needles,  from  an  inch  to  several  inches  long, 
into  any  part  of  the  body  where  there  is  pain.  One  of 
their  most  vaunted  cures  for  cholera  is  running  a  needle 
into  the  abdomen,  with  the  idea  of  easing  the  pain.  Of 
course,  with  this  utter  lack  of  anatomical  knowledge,  the 
native  doctor  cannot  insert  his  needles  promiscuously  into 
the  body  of  his  patient  without  at  times  doing  serious 
damage.  We  had  at  the  same  time  in  the  hospital  three 
cases  of  bone  disease — one,  of  the  outer  table  of  the  skull ; 
one,  of  the  elbow  joint;  and  the  third,  of  the  foot — all_  re- 
sulting from  this  barbarous  practice.  Those  physicians 
who  practice  this  'method'  come  chiefly  from  one  of  the 
interior  provinces.  They  are  supposed,  before  being  al- 
lowed to  treat  patients,  to  have  studied  with_  some  recog- 
nized teacher,  and  to  have  passed  an  examination  as  to 
their  proficiency  in  this  art.  In  the  so-called  Imperial 
Medical  School  in  this  city  (Peking)  there  is  a  bronze 
figure  of  a  man,  pierced  all  over  the  body  with  several 
hundreds  of  small  holes.  Each  of  these  holes  has  its 
name,  and  the  student  practices  until  he  is  able,  through 
a  garment  placed  over  the  manikin,  to  insert  a  needle 
into  any  given  spot,  merely  by  the  sense  of  touch.  When 
called  to  treat  a  patient,  having  located  the  seat  of  pain, 
he  must  remember  which  of  the  little  pin-holes  in  the 
manikin  corresponds  to  this  locality,  and  then  follow  the 
directions  given  to  him  for  sticking  in  the  needle  at  the 
particular  place  and  the  witch  is  released." 

18 


Making  native  black  sticky  plaster — dreaded 
by    medical    missionaries 


A  Korean  physician  tells  of 

what  he  calls  a  "record  breaker"' 

as  far  as  the  use  of  the  chim  is 

concerned. 

"The  patient  was  car- 
ried to  us  in  a  chair,  com- 
plaining that  she  could  not 
walk  without  great  pain. 
Upon  examination  she  con- 
fessed to  using  a  Korean 
chim  (needle)  and  said 
that  she  had  introduced  it 
into  her  abdomen,  but  in- 
formed us  that  this  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  pain 
in  her  limb.  We  thought  it 
did  have  something  to  do 
with  it,  when  we  could  feel 
the  end  of  the  needle  in  the 
left  side,  whose  point  was  1 
imbedded  in  the  muscles  of 
the  limb  on  that  side.  We 
did  an  abdominal  operation 
and  removed  the  needle,  which  proved  to  be  four  inches 
long.  No  wonder  she  had  pain  when  she  walked.  This 
is  the  longest  Korean  needle  I  have  ever  seen  removed 
from  a  Korean,  the  average  length  being  from  one-eighth 
of  an  inch  to  an  inch.     She  made  a  complete  recovery." 

Superstition  is  not  without  certain  benefits,  as  a  physician  in 
China  indicates : 

"The  resisting  power  of  the  Chinese  constitution  must 
be  wonderful;  and  ages  of  contact  with  filth  of  all  kinds 
must  have  developed  their  immunity  to  a  high  degree. 
In  one  city  the  entire  sewerage  of  100,000  people  is  col- 
lected in  the  streets  to  be  sold  as  fertilizer  in  the  spring. 
If  it  were  not  used  in  this  way,  it  is  hard  to  say  what 
would  become  of  it.  Only  the  universal  habit  of  drink- 
ing boiled  water  prevents  catastrophies.  Many  Chinese 
believe  that  cold  water,  outside  or  inside,  causes  pains 
and  cramps  of  the  severest  kind,  which  superstition  has 
kept  them  healthy  and  filthy  for  ages." 

The  customs  of  the  people,  the  unhygienic  conditions  in  which 
non-Christian  peoples  live,  render  the  work  of  the  missionary 
most  difficult.  Native  conditions  as  well  as  native  character  call 
loudly  for  the  medical  missionary.  Child  marriages,  plural  mar- 
riages, ignorance  regarding  the  simplest  laws  of  "liealth,  lust  and 
cruelty  combine  to  crush  womanhood  and  childhood.  Woman  fears 
the  native  physician  because  she  has  sufifered  much  at  his  hands. 
Not  until  the  year  1910  was  there  found  a  woman  in  Peking  will- 
ing to  submit  to  an  abdominal  operation  in  the  great  Douw  Hos- 
pital   for   Women.      One   woman    from    the   country    was    relieved 

19 


A   lesson    in    bandaging,    Women's    ^Medical    College,    Canton 

of  an  eighty-five  pound  tumor,  the  woman  herself  weighing 
scarcely  more  than  the  tumor.  A  few  months  after  her  recovery 
she  came  to  the  hospital  bringing  one  hundred  eggs  as  a  thank 
offering.  Her  story  was  often  told  and  proved  a  great  advertise- 
ment for  the  hospital. 

Custom,  tradition,  ignorance,  superstition  are  fast  giving  way 
before  the  medical  missionary.  The  medical  missionary  is  welcomed 
in  many  lands.     His  task  is  but  just  begun. 

"One  interesting  fact,"  writes  a  physician  in  'The 
Church  Missionary  Intelligencer',  "not,  of  course,  confined 
to  hospital  patients,  may  be  taken  as  absolutely  true ;  the 
change  in  face  undergone  by  those  who  are  learning  about 
Christ.  I  have  seen  this  over  and  over  again,  and,  on  ask- 
ing others,  they  have  told  me  the  same  thing.  Their  faces 
seem  positively  plastic  under  the  moulding  of  the  Holy 
Spirit.  The  dull,  unintelligent  look  that  so  many  of  the 
quite  ignorant  wear  on  first  coming  into  the  wards,  changes 
in  as  short  a  period  as  two  or  three  weeks  into  a  far  more 
intelligent  and  bright  'facies,'  to  use  a  medical  term.  We 
doctors  speak  of  the  'facies  Hippocratici,'  and  the  'facies' 
of  this  or  that  disease  but,  thank  God !  this  is  a  'facies' 
of  life,  everlasting  life,  and  not  of  death  or  disease." 
IMx\GO  CHRISTI  is  writ  large  over  the  threshold  of  every 
dispensary,  hospital  and  home  whither  the  medical  missionary  has 
gone. 

20 


CHAPTER  I. 


"The  Blind  Rkckive  Their  Sight" 

It  is  significant  that  this  stands  first  in  the  Hst  of  works  men- 
tioned by  our  Lord  to  be  reported  to  the  doubting  John.  Then,  as 
now,  the  number  of  the  bhnd  was  a  great  host.  In  China,  India 
Syria,  Persia  and  in  most  non-Christian  lands  bhndncss  is  exceed- 
ingly common.  In  China  it  is  estimated  that  one  in  eight  of  the 
population  is  blind.  A  missionary  of  standing  in  South  China 
states  that  blindness  is  so  common  that  even  in  a  small  gathering 
many  partially  or  wholly  blind  arc  seen.  The  illy  ventilated  houses, 
smoky  rooms  and  unhygienic  conditions  prev- 
alent in  the  Orient  induce  blindness.  One  phy- 
sician in  Syria  of  twenty  years'  experience,  re- 
ports 2,000  operations  for  cataract.  In  the  vol- 
ume "Twenty  Years  in  Persia,"  there  is  a  record 
of  a  native  physician  from  Hamadan  who  came 
to  the  hospital,  led  by  his  little  boy.  "For  the 
sake  of  God  do  something  to  restore  my  sight," 
cried  the  blind  man,  "for  although  my  son  leads 
me  by  the  hand,  yet  for  two  years  I  have  not 
seen  his  face."  An  operation  for  cataract  made 
it  possible  for  him  to  look  upon  the  face  of  his 
son,  to  take  up  his  medical  practice  and  to  sup- 
port his  family. 

The  last  medical  missionary  sent  to  Persia, 
in  1912,  writes : 

"All  I  can  say  is  that  I  fervently  thank 
God  every  day  that  I  was  allowed  to  come. 
I've  never  been  happier.  I  love  it.  I  have 
been  here  seven  and  a  half  months  now. 
.  .  .  I've  never  had  such  satisfaction  in  my  life.  This  giv- 
ing sight  to  blind  people  is  wonderful.  A  blind  girl  came 
twelve  days'  journey.  We  operated  on  both  eyes  and  both 
turned  out  well.  Where  is  the  sacrifice  to  have  this 
privilege  ?" 

In  the  Orient  blind  beggars  roam  everywhere.  They  live  on 
streets,  in  hovels,  in  out-of-the-w^ay  places,  dependent  on  the  gifts 
of  the  benevolent.  It  was  the  sight  of  these  multitudes  of  blind 
ones  that  smote  the  heart  of  the  son  of  the  Scotch  miller,  W.  IT.  H. 
Murray,  and  led  him  to  teach  hundreds  of  blind  to  read.  He  esti- 
mated that  there  were  500,000  blind  in  China. 

The  first  operation  in  the  "David  Gregg  Hospital  for  Women 
and  Children",  in  Southern  China,  was  on  a  woman  who  had  cat- 
aract in  both  eyes.  "When  I  removed  the  bandage  in  due  time 
after  the  operation,"  wrote  the  missionary  physician,  "I  held  up  my 
five  fingers,  and  asked  how  many  could  she  see.  She  replied  'five, 
but  I  want  to  see  yon.''  " 

21 


Cataract  case,  Tripoli 


It  is  the  same  story  everywhere :  "The  bHnd  receive  their 
sight"  and  turn  to  the  giver  as  one  sent  of  God. 

A  pious  Moslem  was  brought  to  one  of  the  mission  hospitals  in 
Persia.  He  came  convinced  that  a  merciful  God  would  use  this 
means  for  the  restoration  of  lost  sight.     He  said  to  the  physician: 

"Doctor,  can  you  read?  ....  Well,  then  you  know 
what  blindness  means  to  one  who  has  not  seen  for  three 
years.  All  the  people  of  the  village  used  to  bring  their 
notes  and  deeds  to  me  and  I  often  read  our  holy  books  tO' 
them,  but  now  except  for  the  little  I  have  memorized,  I 
am  as  much  of  an  animal  as  any  of  them."  The  doctor 
adds, 

"He  was  fond  of  discussing  religious  themes,  and  soon  de- 
manded that  prayers  be  conducted  daily  in  his  room.  On  the  day 
that  I  had  promised  to  let  him  open  his  eyes  and  see  if  the  opera- 
tion was  a  success,  he  addressed  me,  very  seriously,  saying: 

"I  have  a  petition.  I  wish  the  words  of  Christ,  in  the 
New  Testament,  to  be  the  first  thing  that  my  opened  eyes 


Cataract  cases  at  Caroline  A.  Ladd  Hospital,  Pyeng  Yang 
22 


shall  fall  upon,  but  am  unprepared  to-day,  for  since  you 
operated  on  me  I  have  not  been  able  to  shave  and  wash  my 
head,  and  undergo  all  the  necessary  relations  to  an  effec- 
tual prayer," 

"I  told  him  I  could  arrange  for  that  by  leaving  a  single 
band  over  his  eyes.  When  he  was  ready  I  removed  this 
band  and  held  the  Testament  before  him.  He  could  easily 
see  the  title  New  Testament  or  New  Boncise,  as  it  is  in 
Persian.  Repeating  this  and  assuring  himself  that  he 
saw  every  letter,  he  raised  both  hands  toward  heaven  and 
uttered  a  most  fervent  and  touching  prayer  of  gratitude 
to  God  and  to  'His  Holy  Spirit,  Jesus  Christ'." 

At  times  the  gratitude  is  bound  up  with  the  cure  in  the  thought 
of  the  patient.  A  women  sixty-five  years  of  age  entered  the  hos- 
pital at  Taiku,  Korea.  She  was  blind  in  both  eyes.  "Do  you  be- 
lieve in  Jesus?"  she  w^as  asked.  "No,"  said  she,  "but  if  you  can 
cure  me  I  will."  She  was  cured.  One  day  she  walked  into  the 
prayer  meeting  and  when  the  meeting  was  over  said :  "God  has 
given  me  back  my  sight,  and  now  I  am  going  to  believe  in  Jesus." 
Her  son  and  daughter  also  became  believers. 

At  times  patients  cannot  express  the  joy  at  the  blessing  ob- 
tained. The  hospital  at  Andong,  Korea,  was  opened  in  1912.  One 
of  the  first  operations  was  an  old  woman  led  by  the  hand  to  the 
hospital.  She  plead  with  the  missionary  to  give  her  back  her 
sight.  She  stated  that  her  son  was  only  a  little  lad  when  blindness 
shut  out  her  world.  Now,  he  was  a  man  grown ;  if  only  she  could 
look  upon  his  face  again,  like  the  ancient  prophet,  she  would  depart 
in  peace.  The  cure  was  complete.  "I  can  see  you,"  she  joyfully 
cried  to  the  physician  and  the  nurse,  "and  when  my  son  comes,  I 
can  see  his  face,  too.  I  thank  God  who  has  given  me  this  great 
blessing." 

The  testimony  is  not  always  as  clear.  The  gratitude  is  not 
always  expressed  so  fully  to  the  great  Giver  of  all  good.  Two 
blind  men  were  cured  at  a  hospital  in  Korea.    One  wrote : 

"The  noted  foreign  Doctor,  having  come  to  the  east, 
has  rescued  so  many  that  w^e  cannot  begin  to  write  about 
them  all.  His  wonderful  supernatural  skill  was  not  known 
heretofore.  Sad  to  say,  I  had  been  blind  for  several 
years,  and  was  feeling  a  good  deal  of  remorse  because 
there  was  not  a  physician  who  could  restore  my  sight, 
when  I  met  this  noted  doctor,  who,  by  the  skilful  use  of 
instruments  and  medicine,  made  me  to  see  again.  Al- 
though such  grace  cannot  be  estimated  or  repaid,  I,  who 
never  expected  to  see  again,  by  means  of  these  few  lines, 
wish  to  write  my  praise,  with  many  others  who  have  been 
brought  to  life  again.  The  more  I  think  of  my  wonder- 
ful cure,  the  more  T  am  convinced  that  it  was  not  by  any 
magical  art,  but  because  of  virtue.  If  you  look  to  the  east 
when  the  bright  moon  rises,  the  clouds  roll  away,  and  it 
becomes  clear  and  distinct;  but  although  I  struck  and  beat 
my  eyes,   I  could   not   remove   the  white  covering  which 

23 


darkened  them.  Is  there  a  Physician  in  the  east  who 
knows  the  great  art  of  healing?  Yes,  one  who  has  mas- 
tered the  law  of  using  instruments  and  medicine  until 
there  is  nothing  more  to  learn.  Before  he  came,  even 
bright  noon-day  was  darkness ;  after  he  removed  the  cloud, 
my  eyes  were  clear  and  bright.  How  can  I  write  of  my  joy? 
Such  grace  increases  as  the  day  goes  by.  By  rubbing  and 
polishing  a  tarnished  gem  or  glass  it  shines  as  new.  Was 
it  because  of  any  virtue  of  mine  that  God  sent  a  Gem- 
polisher?  Virtue  manifested  itself  in  the  skilful  use  of  in- 
struments and  application  of  the  art  of  healing.  There- 
fore I  am  happy,  and  by  these  few  lines  praise  the  virtue 
of  the  Honorable  Physician." 

The  need  of  the  trained  physician  whose  heart  has  been  touched 
by  Divine  love,  is  everywhere  manifested.  In  many  lands  blind 
boys   are   educated   to   tell    fortunes.      Nearly   all   the   sorcerers   in 


Eye  patients,  Changteh,  Hunan 


Korea  are  blind  men.  In  China  blind  girls  are  commonly  sold  to 
depraved  women  who  traffic  for  immoral  purposes  with  these 
helpless  victims  of  ignorance  and  greed. 

In  a  village  eighty  miles  from  Tengchowfu,  China,  a  little  boy 
of  six  years  old  was  found  totally  blind.  His  mother  said :  "His 
eyes  were  sore  for  a  long  time."  The  physician  asked :  "Why 
did  you  not  go  for  treatment?"  The  sad  reply  was,  "We  did  not 
know."  A  merchant  tries  all  the  Chinese  doctors  he  knows.  He 
is  not  helped.  He  goes  to  the  Christian  hospital,  studies  the 
truth  while  there,  promises  God  if  cured  he  will  serve  Him.     He 

24 


v,^ 


returns  to  his  home  in  Shantnnj^  cured.  To-day  his  entire  family 
are  Christians,  lie  has  buiU  a  school-house,  his  children  are  taught 
the  truth,  and  when  leaving  on  a  trip  he  said  to  his  family,  "Learn 
all  you  can  about  Jesus,  of  His  power  to  heal." 

No  sadder  task  falls  to  the  lot  of  a  missionary  than  when  con- 
fronted with  hopeless  cases,  especially  as  many  of  these  have  been 
rendered  helpless  because  of  neglect  or  of  the  ignorance  of  the 
native  physician.  One  day  a  man  appeared  at  a  mission  dispensary 
in  India  totally  blind.  His  story  was  soon  told.  Some  weeks 
previously,  his  eyes  having  been  inflamed,  a  friend  advised  him  to 
put  in  a  few  drops  of  nitric  acid ! 

The  loving  affection  of  parents  for 
children  is  not  confined  to  Christian  » 

lands  and  Christian  homes.  The 
heathen  father  and  mother  are  so- 
licitous for  the  child,  quite  as  much 
as  the  Christian.  There  was  brought 
to  one  of  the  Mission  hospitals  in 
Korea  a  little  lad  five  years  of  age. 
His  parents  walked  all  the  way  car- 
rying the  boy  a  distance  not  less  than 
one  hundred  and  forty  miles.  The 
story  was  soon  told  of  how  the  child 
had  been  ill  with  measles,  the  eye 
had  become  inflamed,  swollen  and 
protruding.  "We  have  only  two  yen 
($1.00),  said  these  afflicted  parents. 
'Tt  will  cost  all  of  this  or  more  for 
food  on  the  way  home,  but  if  you 
can  free  our  boy  from  this  eye  dis- 
ease and  suffering  and  pain,  we  will  gladly  beg  our  way  for  the 
journey  home." 

It  is  the  human  touch  of  the  healer,  the  sympathetic  word,  the 
pointing  upward  to  the  Great  Physician  which  is  often  a  source  of 
great  blessing  even  when  the  skill  of  the  physician  is  unavailing. 
The  missionary  has  been  the  pioneer  in  this  great  work  in  practi- 
cally all  non-Christian  lands.  It  was  the  sight  of  blind  singing 
girls  with  their  mistresses,  wandering  at  night  through  the  streets 
of  the  great  city  of  Canton,  that  led  a  missionary  to  start  a  school 
for  the  blind,  which  has  been  not  only  a  source  of  great  blessing  to 
those  who  have  come  within  the  immediate  sphere  of  its  influence, 
but  an  example  and  incentive  to  the  Chinese  nation. 

"Just  outside  Canton  City  wall,"  writes  this  servant  of 
the  Lord,  "is  a  village  for  blind  people.  Here  they  can 
live  and  receive  a  few  cash  daily  from  the  government, 
but  not  enough  for  a  meagre  support.  This  they  are  al- 
lowed to  eke  out  as  best  they  may,  and  most  of  them  beg 
in  the  streets  of  Canton.  No  instruction  is  given  them. 
Some  of  the  blind  make  their  living  by  fortune  telling. 
Blind  singing  girls,  gaudily  dressed,  go  upon  the  streets  at 
night  and  bear  no  good  name.  They  are  owned  by  mis- 
tresses who  often  treat  them  most  cruelly.     My  experience 

25 


.\    blind    i)aupcr,    Syria 


as  a  physician  in  a  hospital  has  compelled  me  to  know  the 
sadness  of  their  lot.  One  patient  begged  me  to  say  she 
could  not  recover  so  that  her  mistress  would  desert  her. 

"When  little  girls  were  brought  to  me  for  treatment 
whose  eyes  I  must  pronounce  incurable,  I  feared  these 
words  might  consign  them  to  the  lot  of  the  blind  singing 
girls.  It  is  due  to  my  mother's  interest  that  I  was  enabled, 
and  felt  impelled,  to  rescue  several  such  little  girls  who 
were  about  to  be  sold.  In  1891  we  opened  our  school 
with  four  pupils." 

The  work  developed  marvelously.  In  1911  there  was  the  for- 
mal dedication  of  the  new  building  which  had  been  erected  large- 
ly through  the  contributions  of  the  Chinese  themselves.  Former 
pupils  and  graduates,  with  friends  and  government  officials  and 
representatives  from  foreign  nations,  wondered  at  what  they  saw 


Blind  children   from   Dr.   Mary   Niles'   Home,   Canton 

and  heard  on  that  day.  The  blind  girls  recited  the  24th  Psalm. 
One  blind  girl  of  seventeen  presided  at  the  organ.  Two  gradu- 
ates wrote  from  the  Chinese  classics,  using  the  old-fashioned  frame 
and  stylus,  while  others  used  the  Braille  typewriter.  Most  inter- 
esting of  all,  one  of  the  graduates  delivered  an  address.  We  quote 
a  single  paragraph : 

"This  is  a  very  joyous  occasion.  Why  are  we  so 
happy?  Because  we  are  taught  as  well  as  cared  for. 
China  always  has  had  many  schools,  but  it  never  opened 
one  for  the  blind.  The  missionaries  have  come  from  the 
West  bringing  this  doctrine :  'Let  this  mind  be  in  you 
which  was  also  in  Christ  Jesus.'  He  helped  the  blind. 
The  school  is  finished,  and  my  heart  thanks  God  for  His 
mercy.  I  would  like  to  give  a  word  of  admonition  to 
those  who  were  my  fellow-students :  Be  diligent  to  learn. 
Formerly  there  lived  a  woman  blind  as  we  are.  At  that 
time  there  was  a  king  whose  heart  was  black.  He  killed 
all  the  scholars  and  burned  their  books.  The  blind  woman 
picked  up  one  of  the  books  and  saved  it.  She  did  not 
know  the  value  of  it.    Afterward  some  one  saw  this  book 

26 


and  recognized  that  it  was  very  precious.  It  was  the 
teaching  of  Confucius.  So  it  is  the  wish  of  my  heart, 
that  as  this  bhnd  woman  kept  for  others  the  valuable 
teachings  of  Confucius,  w^e  may  preserve  and  show  the 
doctrines  of  Christ  to  China." 
Another  graduate  said : 

"Not  only  does  it  show  the  love  of  Jesus,  but  the 
school  for  the  Blind  shows  what  fervent,  glowing  hearts 
that  believe  in  Jesus  can  accomplish  when  combined  with 
hands  that  work  with  all  the  strength  given  them.    We  are 
taught  to  stand  firm  in  the  doctrine  and  we  are  allowed 
to  help  in  the  advancement  of  the  Church." 
A  distinguished  Chinese  said :     "Though  there  are  many  new 
schools  open,  none  are  of  more  value  or  so  necessary  as  this  school 
for  the  blind.     China  should  exert  herself  and  help  that  so  great 
a  design  should  not  be  frustrated  for  lack  of  her  assistance." 

The  graduates  of  this  school  are  teaching,  serving  as  Bible 
women  and  as  nurses,  and  one  is  a  masseuse.  Nearly  all  are  fol- 
lowers of  Jesus  Christ. 

"Are  we  blind  also?"  said  the  Pharisees  long  ago  to  the  Great 
Physician.  Many  a  one  in  non-Christian  lands  whose  physical  eye- 
sight is  not  restored,  sees  with  far-reaching  spiritual  vision.  Wang, 
of  Chong  Jong,  Korea,  had  been  a  chnngnim,  a  sort  of  a  devil 
priest  and  sorcerer.  He  went  about  deceiving  his  poor  super- 
stitious neighbors,  making  them  believe  that  it  was  through  his 
intercession  they  would  be  able  to  escape  the  wiles  of  the  devil. 
He  succeeded  in  wringing  many  a  yen  from  these  deluded  people. 


Alan   cured   of   blindness   leading   friends   to    linspital,    Changtch 
27 


One  day  he  heard  about  the  Light  and  his  dark  soul  was 
iHuminated.  He  was  told  of  a  Bible  for  the  blind.  It  set  him 
thinking.  He  invented  an  alphabet  of  his  own.  He  journeyed 
three  hundred  miles  from  his  home  in  the  south  to  the  school  for 
the  blind  at  Pyeng  Yang,  in  the  north.  He  learned  to  read  and 
opened  a  school  for  the  blind.  "The  blind  receive  their  sight"  in 
Korea  because  of  the  light  which  has  come  into  the  soul  of  him  who 
was  once  the  blind  chungnim  (devil  priest)  but  is  now  the  moksa 
(teacher). 

The  China  Medical  Association,  embracing  practically  all  the 
foreign  medical  missionaries  of  China,  has  addressed  itself  to  the 
task  of  issuing  leaflets,  arranging  for  coiirses  of  lectures  giving  at- 
tention to  hygiene,  bathing,  ventilation  in  home  and  school,  and  en- 
deavoring to  bring  to  the  great  masses  of  the  people  the  knowledge 
which,  if  properly  used,  would  diminish  greatly  the  number  of  those 
who  walk  in  darkness.  When  one  considers  the  vast  work  done  by 
the  medical  missionary  for  this  one  type  of  suffering  in  a  single  land 
like  China,  it  is  no  wonder  that  the  spirit  of  Christianity  has  made 
such  a  favorable  impression  on  all  classes  of  society.  A  foreigner, 
traveling  down  the  Yellow  River,  a  score  of  miles  from  Tsining 
in  a  house-boat,  overheard  a  conversation  between  the  boatman  and 
a  Chinese  passenger.  They  were  discussing  missions  from  a  thor- 
oughly Chinese  point  of  view.  Said  the  passenger :  "I  do  not 
believe  in  this  foreign  doctrine,  nor  have  I  any  use  for  these  mis- 
sions in  China."  "Well,"  said  the  boatman,  "you  evidently  have  not 
been  in  Tsining.  I  went  there  to  the  hospital  blind  in  both  eyes. 
and  they  cured  me.  /  believe  in  them."  This  story  is  repeated  in 
many  lands.  It  is  still  true  as  of  old,  where  the  servant  of  the 
A'laster  goes,  "The  blind  receive  their  sight." 


28 


CFIAPTER  II. 

"The  Lame  Walk" 

The  medical  missionary  to-day,  following  closely  the  footsteps 
of  the  Great  Physician,  goes  about  "healing  all  manner  of  sick- 
ness and  all  manner  of  disease  among  the  people."  The  phrase, 
"the  lame  walk,"  is  descriptive  of  the  manifold  blessings  which  lie 
in  the  wake  of  the  medical  missionary, — the  bread-winner  regains 
his  health,  pain  is  driven  from  the  body  of  the  weary  sufiferer,  new 
life  and  hope  come  to  those  who  have  spent  all  their  living  on  native 
physicians,  and  are  nothing  better,  but  rather  the  worse.  This  is 
epitomized  in  the  story  of  Laxman,  the  Indian  boy,  the  son  of  a 
haughty  Brahmin  government  official.  This  lad  of  eight  years, 
worn  and  weary  after  three  years'  suffering  with  fever  and  pain 
from  multiple  abscesses  of  the  bones,  so  that  he  was  unable  to 
walk  or  hardly  to  move  upon  his  couch  of  pain,  was  brought  to  the 
bungalow  of  the  physician  in  a  dying  condition.  After  much  per- 
suasion the  father  consented  to  an  operation,  but  refused  to  permit 
his  son  to  remain  in  the  hospital  afterwards  because  of  his  fear 
of  the  ghosts.  After  the  operation  the  little  lad  was  too  weak  to  be 
moved.  The  only  condition  under  which  the  parents  would  con- 
sent to  his  remaining  in  the  hospital  was  that  a  guard  of  three  men 
be  provided  to  keep  off  the  ghosts.  No  ghosts  appeared.  The  boy 
made  a  splendid  recovery.  As  he  left  the  hospital  he  said :  "When 
I  grow  up  I  am  coming  back  to  become  a  Christian  and  a  doctor." 

A  young  Brahmin  woman  of  the  very  highest  caste,  after  an 
operation  in  the  hospital,  which  gave  her  full  use  of  her  limbs,  was 
so  overjoyed  and  so  grateful  that  she  confessed  Christ.  She  is  now 
in  a  Nurses'  Training  School  fitting  herself  for  a  life  service  for 
India.  The  devoted  servant  of  Christ  represents  a  relation  so  new, 
so  unique,  so  different  from  anything  the  non-Christian  world  has 
ever  known,  that  hearts  are  softened,  prejudices  broken  down  and 
the  way  opened  for  the  truth.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  the  native 
physician  is  either  helpless  or  a  charlatan. 

"x\lmost  every  day,"  writes  a  physician  in  charge  of  one  of  the 
Korean  hospitals,  "some  variety  of  partial  paralysis  is  brought  to 
us.  At  one  time  it  is  a  leg  or  an  arm  and  the  patient  limps  or  he 
carries  his  arm  in  a  sling.  Again,  it  is  a  part  of  the  face,  the 
mouth  has  gone  to  one  side,  one  eye  cannot  be  closed,  and  is  in- 
tensely irritated  and  sore,  due  to  constant  exposure.  All  varieties 
come,  and  hearts  are  sad,  for  often  we  can  offer  little  relief.  Cases 
due  to  syphilis  may  be  cured,  but  in  many  patients  whose  disease 
found  its  root  in  early  years,  due  to  improper  food,  we  can  do  little 
but  relieve  pain.  When  a  cure  is  effected,  the  news  spreads  and 
we  are  overwhelmed  with  patients." 

A  leaf  from  the  diary  of  a  medical  missionary  in  1  Tainan  reads 
not  unlike  a  chapter  in  the  Gospels. 

29 


"All  day  long  we  looked  at  the  lame,  the  halt  and  the 
blind;  all  day  long  we  looked  at  little  old  women  with 
cough,  and  little  sun-tanned  sailors  with  rheumatism ; 
looked  at  children  with  stomach-aches 
and  looked  at  chronic  cases  of  foul 
sores.  All  day  long  we  did  what  we 
could,  and  some  we  directed  to  go  to 
the  hospital.  At  times,  when  we 
got  too  tired,  we  turned  the  serious 
A-mang  loose  on  the  crowd  and  he  at- 
tended to  the  selling  of  his  books  and 
to  the  talking  of  the  doctrine.  At 
the  day's  end  we  would  stop  and  go  to 
the  river,  that  flowed  to  the  sea,  and 
lie  on  the  bank,  but  the  crowd  would 
follow  with  their  aches  and  pains.  We 
could  only  smile,  shake  our  head  and 
say,  'Too  tired,  come  to-morrow.'  We 
did  this  the  next  day  and  the  next.  When 
Sunday  came,  we  turned  out  the  rab- 
ble and  filled  the  little  chapel  with 
Christians.  We  stopped  at  a  monstrous 
banyan  tree.  Sawyers  of  wood  were 
underneath.  One  called  out,  'Here  is 
the  doctor  who  cured  my  leg;  call  the 
man  with  the  double  cataract  and  the 
man  with  the  tumor.  They  came  and 
said  they  would  go  to  the  hospital  if 
they  could  be  cured.  We  sent  them  to 
the  hospital  and  passed  on." 

In  cases  of  accident  or  sudden  injury  the  helplessness  of  the 
native  practitioner  is  in  striking  contrast  to  the  efficient  service  of 
the  missionary  who  often  can  give  instant  relief. 

"I  opened  a  dispensary  a  month  ago,"  writes  a  new  mission- 
ary in  Western  India,  "in  a  mud-floor  room,  which  serves  for 
reception-room  and  consulting-room;  it  even  served  as  an  operating- 
room  three  days  ago  when  a  boy  was  brought  in  who  had  been  in- 
jured by  an  ox  kicking  him.  I  boiled  a  needle  and  thread,  laid  the 
boy  on  the  floor,  put  in  the  necessary  stitches,  my  compounder  giv- 
ing the  anesthetic.  Things  were  not  perfectly  aseptic,  but  the 
wound  is  doing  as  well  as  though  it  had  been  done  under  more  rigid 
rules  of  surgery.     The  mother  is  very  grateful." 

Surgical  treatment  is  almost  unknown  in  non-Christian  lands, 
and  the  work  done  by  the  surgeon  is  often  so  wonderful  to  the 
native  mind  that  expectations  are  aroused  that  cannot  be  realized. 
A  man  was  brought  sixty  miles,  carried  on  a  bed  by  his  relatives,  to 
the  Hope  Hospital,  Hwai  Yuen,  China.  The  examination  showed 
compound  fracture  in  a  state  of  sepsis  such  as  one  never  sees  in 
America,  the  wound  being  alive  with  maggots.  The  only  treatment 
that  could  be  ofifered  was  amputation,  and  this  was  accepted  at 
once  after  a  careful  explanation  had  been  given.     When  the  oper- 

30 


A   case   of  tubercular  knee — - 

parents  were  about  to  throw 

her    into    the    river — rescued 

by  missionary 


ation  was  complete  and  the  patient  was  back  again  in  bed,  a  brother 
came  and  asked  why  the  leg  was  not  put  on  again.  They  had 
understood  fully  that  it  was  to  come  off  and  were  inclined  to  pro- 
test bitterly  that  they  had  been  betrayed,  since  they  thought  it 
could  be  replaced.  Their  reasoning  was  logical,  since  a  year  before 
a  neighbor  had  a  similar  but  less  severe  injury.  It  did  not  require 
amputation,  albeit,  it  was  their  supposition  that  the  physician  had 
removed  the  leg,  treated  it  and  then  replaced  it.  After  a  long  talk, 
however,  the  family  was  convinced  that  the  life  of  their  relative 
had  been  saved  and  they  returned  home  grateful.  Even  if  every- 
thing is  favorable,  the  result  of  an 
operation,  from  a  medical  point  of 
view,  is  often  rendered  doubtful  be- 
cause of  the  after  treatment  of  the 
patient  by  his  friends. 

The  demands  on  the  time  and 
strength  of  the  physician  are  so 
great  that  it  is  not  possible  to  give 
the  attention  to  individual  patients 
that  many  cases  require.  The  phy- 
sician, like  the  Divine  Master  of  old, 
has  "no  leisure,  not  so  much  as  to 
eat." 

A  day's  work  at  Paotingfu  is 
thus  described : 

"A  visit  to  the  sick  at  the 
Provincial  College,  then  to  the 
mother  of  an  army  officer  in  the 
city,  returning,  performed  an 
operation  for  cataract  on  a  pa- 
tient sixty  years  of  age ;  then  at- 
tended Station  Meeting.  Re- 
turning to  the  hospital  removed 
a  large  cyst  from  a  man's  face, 
swinging  from  a  cavity  in  the 
upper  jaw.  Followed  with  a 
reading  up  of  the  case  at  home, 
while  eating  lunch.  After  eat- 
ing  lunch,   visited   the   Woman's 

Hospital,  to  remove  a  tumor  from  a  six-months-old  babe. 
Proceeded  thence  to  a  clinic,  on  which  a  beginning  had 
been    made    by    the    native    doctor,    operating    upon    two 
cases  which  had  defied  the  army  surgeon.     After  dinner, 
darkness  having  come,  w^ent  to  the  hospital  to  attend  to  a 
man  who  had  been  run  over  by  a  heavy  cart." 
This  is  not  a  unique  case.     It  is  practically  duplicated  in  every 
hospital  and  dispensary  in  non-Christian  lands.     A  day  in  Louisa 
Y.  Boyd  Hospital  at  Tsinanfu  is  replete  with  varied  acts  of  mercy. 
"A  crowd  was  gathering  before  the  gate  of  the  Louisa 
Y.  Boyd  Hospital  for  Women.     The  hour  for  opening  had 
not  yet  arrived,  but  the  Chinese  know  very  little  about 
time;  they  knew  it  was  past  noon  and  the  gate  would  be 

31 


Double   ampiilalion   from   foot-binding 


open  some  time  after  that.  At  one  it  swung  open  and  the 
halt,  the  lame  and  the  blind  came  as  best  they  could  into 
the  waiting  room.  But  there  is  not  time  to  show  you  all 
the  cases,  so  we  will  ask  that  queer  little  creature,  hob- 
bling by  aid  of  a  heavy  stick  and  the  help  of  a  pleasant- 
faced  woman,  to  come  in.  Upon  inquiry  we  find  that  she 
is  a  slave  girl  about  twelve  years  old,  bought  for  a  small 
sum  by  a  wealthy  family  and  used  as  a  toy,  a  tool,  or  a 
drudge,  as  circumstances  may  warrant.  The  result?  A 
wrecked  body,  a  timid,  shrinking  little  creature  full  of 
aches  and  pain.  Her  attendant  is  a  servant  in  the  same 
home.  I  examined  the  awful  ulcers  in  the  little  body,  some 
having  eaten  to  the  bone.  I  carefully  look  at  what  ought 
to  be  called  feet  but  are  now  black,  sloughing,  awful 
masses.  The  servant  asks  whether  I  can  cure  her  or  not 
and  my  heart  sinks,  for  she  is  almost  past  help  and  I 
know  that,  unless  she  can  be  cured  and  made  whole,  she 
will  be  cast  aside  and  left  to  slowly  starve  to  death.  She 
would  have  a  better  chance  for  life  were  one  foot  ampu- 
tated, but  who  would  want  a  maimed  creature  like  that — 
starvation  would  surely  be  her  lot  then.  So  with  a  con- 
servative diagnosis  to  be  taken  to  the  mistress,  the  little 
one  is  cared  for  as  tenderly  as  possible,  for  she  is  timid 
and  shrinking  and  frightened  at  being  made  much  of.    We 

can  only  send  her  home  with 
a  prayer  that  He  who  loves 
these  little  ones  may  soften 
the  hearts  of  those  who  have 
this  little  life  in  their  keep- 
ing and  insist  that  they  send 
her  daily  for  treatment. 

"Then  we  must  turn  to 
the  next  patient,  for  twenty- 
seven  more  are  waiting  and 
I  must  get  through  in  time 
to  take  an  hour's  ride  across 
the  city  in  a  sedan  chair,  to 
see  a  baby  already  prob- 
ably past  help  because  the 
parents  tried  all  other  means 
before  calling  in  the  foreign 
doctor." 


Dispensary  cases 


Emergency  cases  tax  the  skill  and  patience  of  the  physician. 
A  patient,  for  example,  drinks  ammonia  liniment  instead  of  rubbing 
it  on  his  leg.  As  he  expressed  it,  his  "insides  were  very  much 
spoiled,"  and  the  physician  greatly  perturbed.  Many  put  off  com- 
ing to  the  doctor  until  all  hope  is  gone.  Some  expect  to  be  cured  in 
two  hours  by  the  clock. 

"I  gave  a  boy,"  writes  a  physician  in  China,  "some  medicine  at 
8  o'clock  A.M.  At  10  he  asked  the  teacher  of  the  school  for  per- 
mission to  go  home  as  the  medicine  had  not  done  him  any  good. 
Yet  this  lad  will  wear,  month  after  month,  sticking  plaster,  which 

32 


has  absolutely  no  curative  value,  but  the  reverse,  with  a  child-like 
faith  in  its  ability  to  remove  his  pain." 

At  Chung  Ju  Korea,  a  woman  came  to  the  dispensary  with 
a  collar-bone  which  had  been  broken  the  year  before  and  had  united 
badly.  As  a  result,  she  had  little  use  of  her  arm.  The  operation 
was  most  successful  and  the  result  satisfactory.  Three  weeks  after 
the  operation  she  went  home.  Her  mother-in-law,  in  order  to  be 
sure  the  doctor  had  done  his  work  well,  grasped  the  girl  by  the  arm 
and  pulled  and  twisted  and  jerked  until  the  victim  groaned  in  agony. 
Having  assured  herself  that  the  foreign  doctor  had  done  well, 
she  accepted  the  daughter-in-law  but  forgot  to  pay  the  doctor. 

At  the  same  hospital  in  Chung  Ju,  one  Sabbath  morning,  a 
man  and  woman  came  running  to  the  dispensary.  In  their  arms 
they  carried  a  little  babe.  They  cried  that  the  babe  was  dying.  It 
died  in  the  afternoon.  The  child  had  no  clothes,  no  coffin,  nothing. 
There  was  just  a  little  naked  body  to  be  interred  in  the  cold  earth. 
A  song  service,  prayer  and  Scripture  reading,  then  the  father,  with 
a  spade  over  one  shoulder  and  a  cracker-box  on  the  other,  went 
out  on  the  hills  to  bury  the  body  of  his  little  one,  who  might  have 
been  saved  had  she  been  brought  to  the  hospital  in  time.  It  is  just 
such  cases,  and  they  are  very  numerous,  which  smite  the  heart  of 
the  missionary  physician. 

On  the  other  hand,  a  single  successful  operation  and  kindly 
treatment  on  the  part  of  the  missionary  bring  large  reward.  "About 
the  first  case  I  had,"  writes  a  missionary  in  charge  of  the  hospital  in 
Pyeng  Yang,  "was  one  of  slow  gangrene  of  the  hand.  rec|uiring 
amputation  above  the  wrist.  The  case  was  a  pitiful  one  and  came 
to  me  the  first  week  I  was  at  Pyeng  Yang.  The 
man  had  been  begging  through  the  town  for 
some  weeks  and  was  widely  known.  The  cure 
was  complete.  Following  this  case  was  one 
blind  for  eight  years  from  a  cataract.  The 
successful  operation  was  soon  noised  abroad.  A 
few  such  cases  extended  my  reputation,  so  that 
one  thousand  patients  a  month  have  been  my 
rate  ever  since." 

"The  words,  'treatment  given,'  "  writes  one 
of  India's  missionary  doctors,  "cannot  show  you 
the  tired  mother  who  has  carried  her  five-year- 
old  boy  on  her  head  from  a  village  miles  be- 
yond the  Jumna  River.  As  she  deposits  on  the 
floor  the  basket  in  which  she  has  carried  him, 
there  is  a  look  of  triumph  on  her  face,  for  now 
she  feels  that  he  will  soon  be  well.  Happily 
his  disease  was  amenable  to  treatment  and  the 
poor  woman  soon  went  home  rejoicing,  carry- 
ing with  her  a  copy  of  the  Gospels  and  a  book 
of  songs.  Generallv  the  people  are  most  grateful 
and  it  is  a  real  pleasure  to  work  among  them. 
The  thank  ofl^erings  have  been  almost  as  many 
and  varied  as  the  diseases,  extending  all  the  way  Kicpiiamiasis, 

from  candy  and  eggs  to  pariah  dogs."  Philippines 

33 


It  is  the  restoration  of  health,  the  abiHty  to  do  his  daily  task, 
"the  feet  and  ankle  bones  receiving  strength"  that  produce  such  a 
profound  impression.  It  is  the  argument  irrefutable  of  a  visible, 
practical  Christianity. 

On  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  coast  of  Malay  Peninsula,  a  missionary 
found  a  crocodile-bitten  patient.  All  that  could  be  done  was  to 
make  a  pair  of  crutches,  the  first  seen  in  that  region.  From  lying 
on  his  back,  helpless  for  seven  years,  he  is  now  an  active,  inde- 
pendent member  of  the  community.  At  baptism  his  name  was 
changed  from  "Dog"  to  "Happy".  His  mother  was  baptized  with 
him,  the  first  woman  to  accept  of  Christ  in  Panga  on  the  Bay  of 
Bengal. 

The  number  in  mission  lands  of  helpless  ones,  the  lame  who 
have  been  made  to  walk,  the  "dogs"  who  have  become  "happy"  is 
lesrion. 


34 


CHAPTER  III. 


"The  Lepers  are  Cleansed" 

Leprosy  is  the  open  sore  of  the  non-Christian  world.  Cases 
of  leprosy  in  Christian  lands  arc  rare ;  it  is  still  the  "sconrge  of 
the  East".  If  the  Divine  Master  should  walk  again  the  land  con- 
secrated by  His  presence,  the  cry  of  the  leper  would  still  ring  in 
His  ears.  In  India,  in  China,  in  Korea,  in  the  Philippines,  in 
Persia,  in  the  lands  untouched,  or  but  partially  touched  by  the  Gos- 
pel, leprosy  is  still  a  menace. 

A  physician  of  Southern  Korea  writes :  "A  missionary  soon 
realizes  that  India  is  not  the  only  country  which  has  its  'open 
sore'.  On  every  side,  and  in  all 
stages,  lepers  are  to  be  seen. 
They  occur  principally  among 
the  poorer  classes,  those  who 
live  in  most  unsanitary  condi- 
tions, with  dirt  and  insufficient 
food." 

Lepers  are  numerous  in  China. 
In  Canton  lepers  have  lived  for 
generations  in  small,  low-roofed 
fishing  boats  on  the  river,  or  in 
the  leper  village  outside  the  East 
Gate.  Everywhere  they  are  a 
menace  to  the  health  of  the 
community,  largely  through  the 
negligence  of  the  officials  and 
the  indifiference  of  the  people. 

It  is  a  little  more  than  a 
generation  ago  that  a  young  mis- 
sionary in  India,  overwhelmed 
by  the  number  of  lepers  whom 
he  saw,  and  the  utter  lack  on 
the  part  of  either  the  Govern- 
ment    or     the     native     peoples 

to  deal  adequately  with  this  terrible  disease, — returned  to 
England  to  plead  the  cause  of  the  leper.  His  appeal  was 
heeded;  out  of  it  came  "The  IMission  to  Lepers  in  India  and 
the  East,"  whose  beneficent  work  now  extends  as  far  as  this  curse 
is  found.  It  has  in  India  alone,  no  less  than  fifty-nine  institutions 
for  lepers.  This  Society,  the  Government  and  the  missionary  are 
working  together  in  a  great  effort  to  "cleanse  the  lepers."  The 
missionary  has  led  the  way.  Lepers  with  open  sores  on  hands  and 
feet  may  be  seen  everywhere,  throughout  cities  and  villages  in  the 
Orient.  "  The  women  of  a  leper  village  will  dry  flour  in  bamboo 
frames,  turn  over  the  meal  with  their  diseased  hands,  shell  peas 
from  nearby  gardens,  cultivate  vegetables,  and  sell  them  indiscrimi- 
nately, save  where  the  missionary,  or  the  Government,  spurred  on  by 


'No  attention  iiaid   tu 


Syrian   leper 


New    cure    for    leprosy    being    tried 


the  missionary,  interferes.  The  native  has  no  adequate  method  of 
deahng  with  leprosy.  The  Chinese  doctor  says,  "Leprosy  is  the 
resuU  of  the  stoppage  of  the  air  holes  of  the  skin,  and  the  putre- 
faction of  the  blood."  Native  remedies  for  leprosy  are  limited. 
Sometimes,  as  in  Siam,  the  leper  is  rubbed  with  a  hen's  egg  while 
the  spirit  doctor  calls  on  the  germ  of  the  disease  to  leave  the 
patient  and  enter  the  egg.  The- egg  is  broken  and  the  yolk  exam- 
ined, and  this  operation  continued  until  the  germ  is  discovered. 

Forty  years  ago  the  officials 
of  Canton  erected  an  immense 
mat  shed  in  the  open  parade 
grounds  and  invited  the  lepers 
to  come  to  a  feast.  In  the  midst 
of  the  festivities,  the  shed, 
soaked  with  kerosene  oil,  was  ig- 
nited. The  soldiers  bayoneted 
those  who  escaped  the  flames. 
This  was  in  old  China.  But  in 
1911,  a  decade  after  the  Boxer 
outbreak,  when  China  was  be- 
ginning to  take  her  place  among 
the  nations,  an  official  of  Kwang 
Si  province,  by  fair  promises, 
gathered  a  large  number  of 
lepers  in  an  open  compound.  When  all  the  lepers  were  crowded  in 
one  great  compound,  his  soldiers  were  ordered  to  shoot. 

Dead,  dying,  maimed,  wounded,  alike,  were  thrown  into  a 
large  pit,  covered  with  oil  and  burned.  A  proclamation  was  issued 
rebuking  the  Christian  missionary  for  furnishing  food  and  medi- 
cine to  these  "outcasts  who  menace  the  life  of  the  community"; 
and  extolling  the  v.^ork  the  Governor  had  done  "for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  health  of  his  fellow-countrymen."  Most  native  peoples 
now  recognize  the  des- 
perate condition  of  the 
leper.  Children  sent  to 
the  missionary  physician 
are  told  by  their  parents, 
if  the  diagnosis  is  lep- 
rosy, to  go  and  drown 
themselves. 

The  barbarous 
methods  of  native  doc- 
tors add  not  a  little  to 
the  work  of  the  phy- 
sician. A  Korean  had 
a  small  abrasion  on  one 
foot.  It  did  not  heal 
rapidly,  so  the  native 
practitioners  applied  the 
"sook,"  a  little  cone  of 
sulphur  and  dried  leaves.  ^  .    ,  ^       ,  „     •.  ,  ^  .    t-   ,  , 

,   '■       .  ,  ,  Lepers  just  beyond  Hospital  Gate,   Kachek, 

placed  on  the  sore  and  Hunan,  china 

36 


Lepers  in  Laos  partly  supported  by  Christians  of  Lakawn 


set  on  fire.  This  was  naturally  followed  by  a  scar.  "Alas," 
cried  the  patient,  "this  is  the  beginning  of  'poong  pyung'  (lep- 
rosy)". The  native  doctor  was  called  and  applied  a  much  larger 
"sook"  and  then  continued  one  after  another,  until  the  foot  was 
deformed,  raw,  bleeding,  a  menace  to  the  life.  Then  he  was 
brought  to  the  hospital.  Amputation  followed,  and  he  is  now  a 
happy  Korean  evangelist.  He  never  had  leprosy,  but  the  fear  of  it 
led  him  to  seek  the  native  physician  with  the  dire  results  indi- 
cated. The  scientific,  systematic  and  sympathetic  treatment  of  this 
disease  by  the  missionary  has  wrought  wonders  for  the  leper. 

An  asylum  was  opened  for  lepers  at  Miraj,  India,  a  few  years 
ago.  The  latest  results  of  medical  science,  coupled  with  the  most 
unselfish  Christian  service,  is  here,  as  in  many  similar  institutions, 
freely  given. 

At  Allahabad,  India,  is  a  large  compound,  inside  which  live 
250  men,  women  and  children  of  the  leper  caste.  Substantial  build- 
ings of  brick,  with  concrete  floors,  have  replaced  the  thatched  huts 
of  former  years.  Everything  that  modern  science  and  Christian 
sympathy,  aided  by  Government  assistance  could  do,  has  been  done 
for  these  poor  lepers.  The  missionary  in  charge,  whose  hobby  is 
gardening,  has  used  his  knowledge  to  good  effect  in  teaching  the 
lepers  how  to  cultivate  the  fruits  of  the  earth.  Each  one  is  given 
a  plot  of  ground  to  cultivate,  prizes  are  awarded,  and  the  health 
of  all  greatly  improved  because  of  the  labor  of  the  husbandman.  A 
visitor  who  wished  to  photograph  a  group  of  inmates  was  startled 
by  an  exclamation  of  an  old  man.  The  pathos  of  it  all  came  home 
to  him  when  the  interpreter  said,  "Pie  says  he  would  like  to  stand 
and  oblige  the  young  sahib,  but  his  feet  are  gone."  Science  and 
sympathy  here  are  doing  their  best  to  "cleanse  the  leper."  A 
church,  a  school,  a  hospital,  separate  dormitories  for  women  and 
children,  and  for  untainted  children  of  lepers,  attest  the  thorough 
character  of  the  work  at  Allahabad. 

37 


Children  of  the  Home  for  Untainted  I^epers 


One  of  the  striking  recent  additions  to  the  Asyhim  is  the  new 
home  for  the  untainted  boys  of  leper  parents.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  Httle  children   from  two  to  three  years  of  age  living  with 

their  leper  parents.  An  observa- 
tion ward  has  been  built  for 
these  little  tots  where  they  will 
be  separated  from  their  parents 
and  under  close  medical  super- 
vision for  six  months  before  be- 
ing sent  over  to  the  Home  for 
untainted  children.  Experience 
has  taught  those  in  charge  that 
in  many  cases  the  children  can 
be  saved. 

A  Hindu  student  of  the  Col- 
lege at  Allahabad,  said  to  one  of 
his  instructors,  "I  have  just  come  in  from  a  walk  across  the  river 
and  have  heard  those  lepers  sing,  for  whom  we  Hindus  have  done 
nothing.  I  am  not  ready  to  become  a  Christian,  but  I  do  love 
Christ.  I  have  seen  what  faith  in  God  means  to  his  followers." 
While  this  institution  is  larger  than  many  of  the  others,  and  while 
the  work  carried  on  here  is  more  extensive  because  of  large  Gov- 
ernment aid,  yet  the  institution  at  Allahabad  is  typical  of  what 
the  missionary  of  the  Presbyterian  Board  is  doing  for  the  leper  in 
many  places  in  India  and  in  all  mission  lands. 

There  is  no  asylum  for  lepers  in  Persia,  but  there  is  an  iso- 
lated colony  of  lepers  a  day's  journey  from  Tabriz  where  food, 
medicine  and  clothing  are  provided  by  the  missionary.  Islam  has 
no  place  for  the  leper. 

Nowhere  has  the  work  of  the  missionary  more  clearly  allied 
itself  with  the  work  of  the  Divine  Master  in  "cleansing  the  leper" 
than  in  Siam.     In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  rulers  of  Siam  for  more 


Korean  leper  boys 
38 


than  a  generation  have  been  enlightened  men  who  introduced  many 
needed  reforms,  practically  nothing  was  done  for  the  relief  of 
the  large  number  of  lepers  in  the  Kingdom,  till  the  Presbyterian 
medical  missionary  undertook  the  task.  On  June  20th,  1913,  within 
sight  of  the  historic  banyan  tree,  under  which,  in  April,  1867,  the 
pioneer  missionary  to  Laos  spent  his  first  Sunday,  there  was  organ- 
ized a  Christian  church  composed  entirely  of  lepers  who  reside  in 
an  asylum  situated  on  a  nearby  island  in  the  Chicng  Mai  River. 
At  the  same  time  another  church  was  organized  on  the  main  land. 
The  members  of  two  churches  met  together  in  a  large  temporary 
booth  on  the  leper  island,  and  here  the  clean  and  the  unclean,  now 
all  clean  in  God's  sight,  sat  down  under  the  same  booth  to  receive 
the  Holy  Sacrament.  It  was  the  climax  of  long  years  of  labor. 
The  medical  missionary  years  before  asked  that  he  might  open  an 
asylum  for  lepers  on  the  Island  but  he  was  refused.  The  island 
at  that  time  was  the  home  of  one  of  the  sacred  elephants  belonging 
to  the  royal  family.  After  the  death  of  the  elephant,  the  request 
was  granted  and  the  asylum  opened.  The  Island  Asylum  contains 
six  brick  cottages,  sheltering  105  lepers, — happy,  contented,  hopeful 
cheerful,  many  of  them  relieved  from  much  suffering  and  pain,  some 
of  them  being  partially  cured  of  their  disease,  and  all  feeling  the 
touch  of  the  Christ  hand  through  His  servant.  The  story  of  the 
Chieng  Alai  Asylum  is  a  Gospel  story,  "John  heard  none  more  won- 
derful from  the  lips  of  the  two  disciples  he  sent  to  the  Master." 

It  is  said  that  leprosy  begets  self- 
consciousness  and  discontent.  It  is  true, 
but  the  Christian  spirit  drives  this  even 
from  the  leper.  In  this  asylum  is  a 
leper  woman,  a  former,  slave,  who  was 
found  ministering  to  the  more  needy 
women  and  praying  for  them  in  their 
extremity.  The  head  teacher,  himself 
a  leper,  takes  special  interest  in  visiting 
and  caring  for  the  more  helpless  men. 
One  afternoon,  in  the  year  1913,  the 
missionary  physician  sat  down  at  a  tea- 
table  and,  taking  out  of  his  pockets  a 
little  pile  of  money,  said :  "This  is  the 
most  precious  money  I  have  ever 
handled."  The  18  rupees  were  contrib- 
uted by  the  lepers  of  the  Chieng  Mai 
Leper  Asylum  out  of  their  small  weekly 
allowance  and  at  their  own  request  were 
used  to  pay  an  evangelist  working  in  the 
country  villages.  The  leper  has  often 
a  bitter  experience  ere  he  reaches  the  asy- 
lum. A  Kamoo,  driven  by  starvation 
and  want,  found  his  way  to  the  island. 
With  a  chisel  and  a  knife  he  had  ampu- 
tated three  of  his  toes,  since  they  were 
so  badly  diseased  that  they  hindered  loco- 
motion   and    caused    intense    suffering. 

.39 


One  old  woman,  reduced  almost  to  a  living  skeleton,  deformed,  dis- 
figured, every  digit  on  both  hands  gone,  was  found  weeping  bit- 
terly. On  inquiry  it  was  learned  that  her  tears  were  not  for  her- 
self but  for  her  children,  whom  she  had  been  compelled  to  leave. 
This  old  saint  said  to  the  missionary,  "How  cheering  it  is  to  see 
you  come." 

No  remedy  has  yet  been  found  for  this  fatal  disease.  But 
no  leper  has  been  found  so  unclean  in  moral  life  that  the  Gospel 
could  not  cleanse.  The  story  is  all  told  in  the  life  of  Um  Ho.  Um 
Ho  ("exchanged  for  the  good")  was  the  name  of  a  blind  singing 
girl  who,  because  of  a  diseased  limb,  was  brought  by  her  mistress 
to  the  Canton  Hospital  in  the  year  1893:  Amputation  was  neces- 
sary. Her  mistress  refused  to  permit  the  operation.  The  limb  not 
healing,  the  mistress  released  all  claim  upon  her  and  amputation 
was  performed.  In  1897  it  was  discovered  that  she  was  a  leper. 
Formerly  a  singing  girl,  now  blind,  one  limb  gone,  and  a  leper.  Of 
what  use  could  she  be  in  dark  China.  She  found  Christ  while  in 
the  hospital  and,  encouraged  by  the  example  of  leper  workers  in 
India,  began  to  work  in  a  leper  village  near  Canton.  She  led 
many  to  Christ,  organized  a  church,  was  enabled  to  erect  a  beau- 
tiful chapelj  and  died  a  triumphant  death.  The  missionary  fol- 
lows closely  "in  His  steps"  when  he  seeks  "to  cleanse  the  leper." 


40 


CHAPTER  IV. 


"The  Deaf  Hear,  the  Dead  are  Raised  Up" 

The  missionary  in  non-Christian  lands  is  a  miracle  worker.  "A 
Modern  Miracle"  is  the  title  of  the  Report  of  1902-03  of  the  School 
for  the  Deaf,  Chefoo,  China.  It  is  well  named.  This  school  has 
wrought  a  "modern  miracle."  It  is  stated  on  good  authority  that 
there  are  four  hundred  thousand  deaf  persons  among  China's  mil- 
lions, for  whom  there  is  no  place  in  the  economy  of  the  country. 
To  reach  a  few  of  these  "shut-out  children"  of  China  the  school 
for  the  deaf  at  Chefoo  came  into  existence.  It  was  born  in  the 
thought  of  a  missionary,  and  the  first  pupil  received  in  1887  was 
supported  by  the  "Silent  Workers,"  a  band  of  deaf  children  in  a 
school  for  the  deaf,  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  Patience,  skill,  the  use  of 
the  latest  and  best  methods, 
charts,  blackboard,  lip-reading, 
writing,  even  in  one  case  a  blind, 
deaf  girl  taught  by  the  finger 
touch, — all  these,  combined  with 
a  Christian  spirit,  have  wrought 
one  of  the  modern  miracles  in 
the  Republic  of  China.  The 
grounds  and  buildings,  beautiful 
and  spacious,  give  no  idea  of  the 
extent  and  far-reaching  influ- 
ence of  this  deed  done  in  the 
name  of  the  Master.  At  Pao- 
tingfu,  Hangchow,  Pyeng  Yang, 
Korea,  and  other  places  in  the 
Orient,  similar  institutions  have 
sprung  up,  taught  by  pupils  trained  in  the  Chefoo  School.  Nor  is 
this  strange.  A  single  example  will  suffice.  A  Chinese  father, 
hearing  of  the  school,  brought  his  little  deaf  lad.  The  missionary 
in  charge,  after  examination,  asked  that  the  boy  be  left  with  her. 
The  father  refused,  saying  the  mother  would  not  permit.  The  boy 
was  taken  into  the  schoolroom.  One  of  the  pupils,  a  boy  of  his  own 
size,  went  to  the  blackboard,  explained  the  phonetic  diagrams,  and 
spoke  the  words  he  knew.  The  strange  boy  watched  him.  The 
teacher  put  her  hand  on  his  throat  trying  to  teach  the  pupil  to  articu- 
late. She  repeated  the  word  for  father.  "Immediately,  without 
hesitation,"  writes  the  teacher,  in  a  sweet,  clear  voice,  he  imitated 
me.  I  wrote  father  on  the  blackboard.  His  face  lighted  as  he 
pointed  to  the  character,  then  to  his  father.  I  had  to  speak  the 
word  again.  He  understood.  He  said  "father."  Tears  filled  the 
father's  eyes.  He  had  heard  his  deaf  and  dumb  child  speak  his 
first  word  and  that  word  was  "father."  Wiping  his  eyes  he  said, 
"I  will  leave  him." 

At  the  close  of  an  exhibition  at  Soocliow,  where  the  pupils  of 

41 


Rescued    waifs 


the  school  demonstrated  their  abiHty  to  speak  and  write  with  great 
fluency,  a  stranger  walked  up  to  the  blackboard  and  wrote:  "I 
think  the  religion  of  Jesus  Christ  is  the  best."  Others  said,  "Only 
the  Jesus  people  do  such  work  as  this." 

The  American  missionary  in  China,  longest  in  service,  states : 

"No   pagan   nation   ever   originated   a   systematic   method    for 

relieving  the  deaf,  blind,  or  insane.    What  Christians  have  done  for 

all  these  classes  appears  to  the  Chinese  as  little  short  of  miraculous." 

The  John  G.  Kerr  Refuge  for  the  Insane,  born  in  the  heart 
of  him  whose  name  it  bears,  in  the  year  1872,  still  remains  the 
only  asylum  for  the  exclusive  treatment  of  nervous  and  mental 
diseases  in  the  Republic.  The  treatment  of  the  insane  with  hygienic 
and  cleanly  methods,  by  regular  feeding  and  bathing  and  without 
restraint  is  a  standing  marvel  to  the  Oriental.  His  methods  are 
cruelty,  filth,  chains,  improper  feeding  and  neglect.  All  classes  are 
represented,  from  the  official  to  the  beggar  in  the  street,  Manchurian 
soldiers,  students,  business  men,  criminals  and  even  imbeciles,  since 
China  makes  no  provision  for  these  and  the  kind-hearted  mission- 
ary cannot  turn  them  away, 
jS^^  have  received  the  most  advanced 

p/sjuwb-i  scientific  treatment  coupled  with 

Christlike  sympathy  and  tender 
care,  which  only  those  can  give 
who  have  been  with  Jesus  and 
have  learned  of  Him. 
^^^  In    many    other    ways    the 

jfljll^^^  'lll^_  missionary    has    wrought    won- 

^ «SF ^^lIKMi^^riHlHIl^        *^^^^    ■^°''  ^^^^  relief   of  the   suf- 
^mW-^^^^^S^^^^^^^m.      fering     ones     in     non-Christian 

lands.  The  missionary,  like  his 
Divine  Master,  has  brought  life 
out  of  what  seems  to  be  death. 
"The  pestilence  that  walketh  in 
darkness  and  the  destruction 
that  wasteth  at  noon-day"  has 
been  stayed  by  the  Christian 
missionary.  Famine  is  all  but 
vanished  from  Christian  lands, 
famines  occurring  in  the  Chi- 
nese Empire  from  1500  A.  D.  to  1907  shows  that  there  were  55 
severe  famines  within  that  period.  The  missionary  has  always 
fought  famine.  In  the  severe  famine  which  swept  over  Central 
China,  October,  1911-June,  1912,  the  missionary  was  the  leader, 
as  he  has  been  for  three  generations,  in  providing  famine  relief, 
and  in  aiding  in  carrying  out  measures  to  prevent  famine  in  the 
future.  The  Report  of  the  Central  China  Famine  Relief  Commit- 
tee, prepared  by  one  of  the  missionaries  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board,  is  like  the  alabaster  box  of  ointment  whose  fragrance  fills 
the  world.  The  Chinese  have  a  proverb:  "The  door  of  benevo- 
lence is  hard  to  open."  The  Christ  hand,  through  the  missionary, 
has  opened  the  door. 

42 


'Cheerful   under   difficulties" 


A    carefully    compiled    list    of 


In  Central  India  forty  per  cent,  of  the  population  were  swept 
away  in  a  great  famine  a  few  years  ago.  "It  was  harrowing  to  see 
so  many  die  off,"  said  the  medical  missionary,  who  had  given  up 
his  vacation  to  relieve  the  suft'erings  of  these  starving  people,  "even 
after  reaching  relief  because  they  were  too  far  gone  to  rally  their 
strength  to  digest  even  the  simplest  food.  I  had  charge  of  the 
orphanage  in  which  were  gathered  eighty  boys  and  girls.  It  was 
heart-breaking  to  see  the  little  tots  grabbing  the  food  we  doled  out 
to  them,  yet  unable  to  digest  it  because  their  internal  organs  had 
become  to  shriveled  and  weakened  by  starvation.  One  felt  that 
the  relief  work  represented  the  spirit  of  Christianity,  and  so  it 
does." 

These  centres  of  famine  relief  were  afterwards  occupied  as 
permanent  centres  of  mission  work.  The  missionary  had  become 
a  miracle  worker  and  brought  the  dead  to  life. 

Nowhere  is  his  work  more  in  evidence  than  in  dealing  with 
plague  and  cholera.     The  ignorance,  even  of  the  officials,  regard- 


Apparatus  and   staff   for   fighting  cholera,    Changteh 


ing  these  dread  diseases  is  colossal.  During  the  plague  of  1911 
in  the  Province  of  Shantung,  China,  there  was  posted  in  one  of  the 
chief  cities  a  proclamation  which  read  as  follows : 

"On  July  1st,  gather  spinach,  dry  in  the  sun,  lay  it  away  until 
New  Year's  morning,  then  boil  till  done  and  pickle  in  brine  and 
vinegar  for  one  year.  I'artaking  of  this  will  prevent  the  current 
malady." 

In  other  words,  take  nineteen  months  to  prepare  a  remedy  for 
a  disease  that  is  fatal  in  forty-eight  hours,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
proclamation  was  raging  furiously  in  the  entire  district. 

When  the  cholera  was  at  its  worst  at  Hwai  Yuen  and  neigh- 
boring towns  and  people  were  dying  by  thousands,  news  spread 
that  the  hospital  was  saving  peoi)le,  often  from  death.  This  was 
literally  true.  The  physicians  believed  that  the  disease  was  carried 
largely  by  flies.  Watermelons  especially  were  blamed,  as  dealers 
cut  them  open  and  exposed   them   for  sale  along  the  street.     An 

43 


urgent  message  came  from  Ingchowfu  through  Father  Perrin,  a 
Cathohc  missionary,  asking  for  medicine  as  the  people  were  dying 
by  the  hundreds.  "We  sent  up  several  bottles  of  medicine  with 
directions  for  its  use,  and  the  suggestion  that  he  get  the  prefect 
to  stop  the  sale  of  watermelons.  The  prefect  refused,  saying  it 
was  depriving  the  melon  dealers  of  their  living  to  do  so,  but  he 
compromised  by  having  the  God  of  Pestilence  escorted  with  a  big 
procession  down  to  the  river  where  he  was  sent  away  in  a  boat 
with  all  honors." 

In  Hunan,  where  cholera  claimed  thousands,  the  missionary 
sent  out  sandwich  men  who  went  about  the  streets  carrying  boards 
inscribed  in  Chinese:  "If  you  would  escape  cholera  do  not  on  any 
account  drink  'raw  water.'  If  you  eat  fruit  and  other  raw  food, 
you  may  bring  calamity  on  yourselves.  Should  any  contract  the 
disease  carry  them  quickly  to  the  Gospel  Hall  Hospital." 

The  percentage  of  cures  in  the  Hospital  was  very  large. 
Equally  effective  results  were  obtained  by  the  missionaries  in  Persia. 
In  the  year  1905  Persia  was  visited  by  an  epidemic  of  cholera. 
The  Presbyterian  medical  missionaries  did  yeoman  service  in  re- 
sisting the  ravages.  Their  work  was  appreciated,  as  the  following 
extract  from  the  "Tarbiyat,"  a  Persian  paper,  published  at  Teheran, 
clearly  shows. 

"There  is  no  doubt  that  the  American  Hospital  in  the 
illustrious  city  of  sovereignty  (Teheran)  renders  a  true 
and  considerable  service  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  cap- 
ital, to  the  poor  of  this  town,  of  whatever  religion  they 
may  be.  And  the  existence  of  this  house  for  the  sick  is 
not  without  grace  and  profit  for  the  wealthy. 

"In  passing  by  the  fact  that  the  missionary  phy- 
sician is  of  excellent  learning  and  experience  in  the  heal- 
ing art,  we  have  recognized  him  as  a  man  of  benevolent 
disposition  and  one  of  the  company  of  the  courteous. 
Though  we  have  no  (personal)  dealings  with  him,  we 
know  his  existence  to  be  profitable  in  every  place  what- 
ever. 

"It  is  conceded  that  this  year,  when  the  cholera  ap- 
peared, the  American  hospital  in  Teheran,  by  excellent 
care  and  attention,  delivered  many  of  the  hopelessly  sick 
from  the  clutches  of  this  deadly  disease ;  and  it  is  neces- 
sary on  the  part  of  the  public  to  make  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  their  gratitude  to  that  benevolent  institution." 

Similar  testimonies  could  be  furnished  from  many  lands  of 
the  work  of  the  medical  missionaries. 

When  the  dread  bubonic  plague  appeared  in  North  China  in  the 
year  1911,  the  medical  missionary,  co-operating  with  the  Govern- 
ment officials,  gave  his  time  and  strength  to  fight  this  dread  dis- 
ease. Everywhere  servants  and  native  Christians  were  instructed 
how  to  avoid  contagion.  As  far  as  known  no  Christian  family 
suffered  loss.  Their  willingness  to  obey  instructions  was  blessed 
to  them,  while  the  disregard  of  non-Christians  made  efforts  towards 
better  sanitation  and  isolation  almost  impossible.     A  sawyer  said, 

44 


"So  the   foreign  doctors  are  not  going  to  allow  us  to  go  out  of 
our  homes,  we  will  see."     He  went,  he  was  dead  in  a  few  days. 

The  doctors  prepared  a  set  of  rules  printed  in  English  and 
Chinese  which  were  widely  distributed.  Cities  like  Chefoo  were 
cleaned  hygienically.  One  firm  alone  sold  over  40,000  pounds  of 
lime.  Houses  where  patients  died  were  burned  or  so  thoroughly 
fumigated  that  all  trace  of  infection  disappeared.  The  rare  com- 
bination of  scientific  skill  with  Christian  faith  and  courage,  unsur- 
passed in  the  annals  of  the  race,  is  evidenced  in  the  following 
model  statement  by  one  of  the  medical  missionaries  who  did 
herculean  service  in  fighting  the  plague. 

"You  may  be  talking  with  a  man  in  the  morning,  who 
may  think  he  is  perfectly  well,  and  he  be  spitting  blood 
in  the  evening  and  be  dead  the  next  day.  So  I  think  the 
only  way  to  be  safe  while  in  a  plague  district  where 
people  are  dying  is  to  wear  a  good  mask  all  the  time  with 


Injecting  saline  infusion  for  Plague 


carbolic  gauze  over  it.     I  carry  an  atomizer  and  keep  it 

freshened  with  carbolic  quite  frequently  also 

"Thrown  right  into  contact  with  such  a  deadly  thing 
as  this,  makes  one  keep  close  to  God,  and  it  has  caused 
me,  besides  observing  every  one  of  His  laws  I  knew  of 
disinfection,  also  to  commit  to  memory  the  91st  Psalm, 
which  I  have  said  over  and  over  to  myself  many  times 
every  day,  and  it  gives  confidence  where  I  think  fear  would 
have  come  without  it." 

The  Chinese  officials  saw  clearly  that  the  doctrine  of  Jesus 
Christ  taught  men  to  be  merciful,  while  the  conduct  of  the  Chris- 
tians, both  foreign  and  native,  left  a  permanent  impression  re- 
garding the  character  of  the  religion  which  they  professed. 

A  whole  province  in  the   Philippines  was  saved  a   few  years 

45 


ago  from  small-pox  by  the  skill  and  sympathy  of  one  medical 
missionary. 

The  medical  missionary  has  been  the  Board  of  Health,  the 
Sanitary  Inspector,  the  "family  physician"  for  the  ruler  in  the 
palace,  the  official  in  the  office  and  the  laborer  in  the  hut. 

No  one  disease  in  non-Christian  lands  is  more  widely  prev- 
alent or  perhaps  less  understood  than  malaria.  In  India  alone  the 
average  annual  death  rate  from  this  disease  is  1,300,000,  or  more 
than  the  plague,  cholera  and  ravages  of  war  combined.  "The  baby 
died  during  the  summer,"  was  the  answer  of  a  good  woman  to  a 
question  regarding  the  health  of  her  family,  "and  the  other  chil- 
dren are  all  well  except  for  malaria,  and  everyone  has  it." 

Sir  Rupert  Boyce,  a  noted  British  authority  on  tropical  dis- 
eases, says  of  malaria,  "It  strikes  down  not  only  the  indigenous 
barbaric  population,  but  with  still  greater  certainty  the  pioneers  of 
civilization,  the  planter,  the  trader,  the  missionary  and  the  soldier. 


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Poster  issued  by  medical  missionaries:     Gives  short  description   of  Plague,    its   method 

of    propagation,    with    simple    directions    for    disinfection,    isolation,    the 

destruction   of   rats,   etc. 

It  is  therefore  the  principal  and  gigantic  ally  of  barbarism.  No 
wild  deserts,  no  savage  races,  no  geographical  difficulties  have 
proved  so  inimical  to  civilization  as  this  disease." 

In  many  lands,  as  in  Siam  and  Laos,  it  is  attributed  directly  to 
the  work  of  demons.  A  good  illustration  of  the  power  of  this 
disease  was  seen  in  the  malignant  malaria  epidemic  which  swept 
over  Laos,  North  Siam,  in  the  year  1912-13.  Whole  villages  were 
wiped  out.  The  disease  was  so  virulent  patients  died  within  a  few 
hours. 

"The  disease  takes  many  forms  besides  fever  and  ague,"  writes 
one  from  Chieng  Mai,  "such  as  convulsions,  insanity  and  comatose 
condition,  often  resulting  in  death  within  a  few  hours.     Three  little 

46 


girls  died  suddenly  on  the  same  day  within  gunshot  of  our  home. 
One  man  lost  his  wife  and  five  children.  But  for  Christian  medi- 
cine many  villages  would  have  been  entirely  wiped  out." 

The  tenacity  with  which  the  Oriental  clings  to  old  customs 
is  evidenced  that,  in  spite  of  the  uinunnbcred  instances  of  the 
cure  of  malaria  by  quinine,  people  whose  door-yards  touch  the 
missionary  homes,  would  use  the  old  line  of  treatment,  spirit 
charms  and  the  like,  until  nearly  fatal  results  drove  them  to  the 
miracle  worker.  So  effective  was  the  treatment  given,  not  merely 
by  the  medical  missionary  but  by  those  he  had  instructed,  that 
within  the  year  more  than  three  thousand  turned  from  demon 
worship  and  the  fear  of  evil  spirits  and  confessed  Christ. 

The  White  Plague  is  not  confined  to  Christian  lands.  Its 
deadly  pall  hangs  heavily  over  non-Christian  lands.  Tuberculosis 
is    exceedingly    common    throughout    China.      "At    least    fifty    per 


'rubcrcnlosis    Saiiitorium,    Syi'ia 

cent,  of  all  dispensary  patients  in  South  China  arc  affected  with 
some  form  of  the  disease."  A  letter  from  India  speaks  of  it  as 
the  "Captain  of  the  Men  of  Death."  Men  who  go  from  their 
farms  and  the  free  life  in  the  open  air  to  Bombay  or  other  large 
cities  to  work  in  mills  and  offices,  living  in  a  dusty,  smoky  at- 
mosphere, in  crowded  quarters,  indulging  in  drunkenness  and  de- 
bauchery, become  an  easy  prey  to  this  disease. 

A  physician  in  Korea  writes :  "Tuberculosis  is  also  our  next- 
door  neighbor.  We  meet  him  everywhere."  The  physicians  of 
China  are  at  present  instituting  an  anti-tuberculosis  crusade.  The 
missionary  has  been  ffircniost  in  carrying  on  this  campaign  in 
China  and  in  other  non-Christian  lands.  The  most  signal  illustra- 
tion is  the  Mt.  Tebanon   Sanitarium   for  Consumptives.     It  is  the 

47 


only  institution  of  its  kind  in  all  the  Turkish  Empire.  It  has  two 
homes,  one  on  the  mountains  of  Lebanon,  over  3,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  where  patients  can  stay  from  May  to  Novem- 
ber; the  other  at  Juneih  Bay,  where  suitable  buildings  are  erected 
to  care  for  patients  during  the  winter  months.  Russians,  Rou- 
manians, Egyptians,  Persians,  Armenians,  have  been  treated  in  this 
beneficent  home. 

A  woman  who  contracted  the  disease  in  America  returned  to 
her  old  home.  Her  neighbors  complained  to  the  local  authorities 
and  soldiers  carried  her  off  to  a  pine  forest  outside  the  city.  Her 
father  slept  near  but  soon  deserted  her.  She  suffered  from  hunger 
and  thirst,  wet  with  showers,  dried  by  the  sun.  She  was  turned 
out  a  hopeless  case.  She  wandered  to  a  dry  bed  of  the  river  and 
slept  under  the  arches  of  the  bridge  for  five  days.  After  this  a 
relative  put  up  a  tiny  hut  without  roof,  but  the  neighbors  two  hun- 
dred yards  away  threatened  to  pour  oil  on  the  structure  and  burn 
herself  and  the  hut.  After  a  month  of  this  terrible  life  she  was 
found  by  a  medical  student  and  sent  to  the  Sanitarium.  She 
was  placed  in  one  of  the  open-air  tent  houses  on  a  soft  bed  laid  on 
a  wire  mattress.  She  had  the  best  of  care  and  food.  The  Bible 
lessons  of  long  ago  were  brought  to  her  mind.  She  may  never  be 
cured  of  her  bodily  diseases,  but  she  has  found  a  new  life.  This  is 
the  story  of  the  missionary;  it  is  the  story  told  to  John. 

The  missionary  in  the  numerous  hospitals  and  dispensaries, 
by  tract,  by  word  and  by  example,  in  every  way,  is  waging  war  on 
this  enemy  of  the  human  race. 

"We  are  sure,"  writes  the  physician  in  charge  of  the  Hodge 
Memorial  Hospital  at  Paotingfu,  ''that  the  out-door  sleeping  porches 
have  saved  the  life  of  the  Chinese  head  teacher  in  the  Girls'  School, 
from  a  complete  nervous  breakdown.  Also  the  life  of  a  young 
girl  who  had  tuberculosis  of  the  lungs.  She  has  become  rosy  and 
plump  and  able  to  walk  four  miles  in  an  afternoon  and  has  no 
cough  after  two  months  of  sleeping  out  of  doors." 

Public  opinion  is  being  aroused.  Governments  are  recogniz- 
ing the  value  of  the  missionary  as  a  healer  of  the  body,  as  a  bene- 
factor of  the  state.  Here,  as  elsewhere,  in  relieving  the  many  ills 
which  flesh  is  heir  to  the  missionary  has  been  the  pioneer.  The 
people  are  quick  to  note  the  difference  between  the  Gospel  of  the 
Christ  and  the  Gospel  of  self.  A  Parsee  woman  requested  that 
one  of  the  nurses  be  permitted  to  go  with  her  to  her  home  in  the 
hills.  She  was  told  that  a  better  and  more  efficient  nurse  could  be 
obtained  in  Bombay.  She  replied,  "That  is  true,  but  I  want  a 
Christian." 

The  missionary  has  wrought  wonders  by  his  skill,  but  greater 
wonders  by  the  power  of  the  spirit  of  Christ  dwelling  in  him.  He 
has  even  dared  to  grapple  with  the  man  dominated  by  that  most 
potent  destroyer  of  human  happiness,  the  opium  fiend.  "The  care 
of  a  large  contingent  of  opium  patients  has  been  an  anxious  con- 
sideration," is  the  report  of  one  physician  of  long  standing  in  the 
province  of  Shantung.  "Physicians  in  Western  lands  who  have 
had  experience  with  patients  confirmed  in  the  use  of  morphine,  are 


prepared  to  appreciate  some  of  the  difficulties  in  dealing  with  a 
class  of  invalids  having  all  the  vices  of  the  drug  habitues  en- 
grafted upon  the   inherent  moral  obliquity  of  the  heathen 

I  have  settled  upon  a  line  of  treatment  based  upon  medication, 
supplemented  by  moral  and  mental  suggestion  by  means  of  God's 
word.  It  is  God  that  worketh  in  us  both  to  will  and  to  do,  and 
here,  where  will  has  long  been  shackled  and  power  of  initiation 
practically  withdrawn,  the  remedies  of  the  physician  can  be  only 
accessories  to  the  enabling  grace  of  God." 

The  medical  missionary  has  wrought  social  revolutions  little 
short  of  the  miraculous.  Vaccination  was  practically  unknown  in 
most  non-Christian  lands  till  introduced  by  the  medical  missionary. 
The  King  of  Siam  once  called  into  consultation  a  Presbyterian 
medical  missionary.  The  subject  under  discussion  was  the  large 
death  rate  in  the  Kingdom.     The  missionary  showed  him  this  was 


After    vaccination 


due  to  a  number  of  young  children  dying  of  small-pox  and  sug- 
gested vaccination.     The  King  at  once  adopted  the  suggestion. 

After  several  years  of  using  the  vaccine  from  other  countries, 
the  Government  established  a  vaccine  farm  of  its  own  where  serum 
is  made  and  sold  to  those  who  wish  to  use  it.  The  medical  mis- 
sionaries do  a  great  deal  of  vaccinating  and  especially  in  the  North 
of  Siam  a  large  force  of  trained  men  are  kept  busy  vaccinating  and 
preaching,  for  the  two  go  hand  in  hand. 

Where  small-pox  used  to  claim  wdiole  villages  as  victims  of 
the  dread  disease,  now  there  is  often  not  a  case.  Formerly  it  was 
often  impossible  to  persuade  a  person  to  be  vaccinated,  but  now 
most  of  them  are  willing  to  pay  for  being  vaccinated. 

In  former  days  in  Korea,  the  father  did  not  count  his  chil- 
dren until  they  had  had  small-pox,  so  prevalent  was  this  disease. 
The  Japanese  Government  is  dealing  with  it  officially,  but  for  many 
years  in  many  lands  it  was  fought  by  the  missionary  alone. 

The  dread  sleeping  sickness  has  spread  with  wonderful  rapidity 
in    East    Central    Africa.      A    number    of    cases    in    the    last    few 

40 


^k 

H 

\.'^' 

; 

\\'itch  doctor,  Africa 


years  have  been  found  in  connection  with  the  work  of  the  Ameri- 
can Presbyterian  missionary  in  German  Kamerun,  West  Africa.  "I 
have  seen,"  writes  one  of  the  medical  missionaries  of  the  Board, 
"hundreds  of  natives  with  sleeping  sickness  at 
the  hospital  established  for  them  by  the 
German  Government,  and  they  were  being 
given  the  best  treatment  that  could  be  given 
there,  but  there  is  no  treatment  known  that  is 
very  satisfactory.  I  saw  a  case  or  two  being 
treated  at  the  London  School  of  Tropical 
Medicine  with  fair  success.  To  our  sorrow, 
it  has  lately  been'  discovered  that  there  is 
more  than  one  kind  of  fly  that  can  carry  the 
disease.  It  is  coming  into  our  Mission  terri- 
tory from  the  branches  of  the  Congo." 

In  Africa  poison  is  often  used  in  witch- 
craft. One  of  the  missionaries,  in  investi- 
gating the  poisons  used  in  the  ordeals  con- 
nected with  witchcraft,  was  specially  inter- 
ested in  the  poison  put  on  the  arrows  which  were  used  for  the  killing 
of  large  game.  In  taking  a  river  trip  in  1874,  one  day,  while  float- 
ing along  the  stream  and  looking  at  the  verdure  on  either  side, 
one  of  the  crew  said,  in  speaking  of  a  certain  vine,  "That  is  the 
vine  that  bears  the  fruit  from  which  is  made  the  poison  for  our 
arrows."  It  was  the  strophanthiis.  This  was  reported  by  the  mis- 
sionary to  a  brother  doctor  in  the  United  States  and  later  became 
an  article  of  export  to  Europe. 

In  innumerable  ways  the  missionary  has  thus  contributed  to 
the  welfare  of  humanity.     It  was  Yuan  Shih  Kai  who,  in  January, 
1913,  in  the  City  of  Peking,  in  re- 
sponding   to    an    address    pre- 
sented by  the  representatives  of 
the  Triennial  Conference  of  the 
China  Medical  Association,  said : 
"It     gives     me     great 
pleasure  to  receive  so  many 
members  of  the  China  Med- 
ical Missionary  Conference 
who   have  gathered   in   the 
capital   from  the  provinces. 
We    are   very   grateful    for 
your  charitable  services,  es- 
pecially   for   your   work    in 
the  interior,  where  the  im- 
portance   of    sanitary   prin- 
ciples  is   comparatively  un- 
known.    For  the  country  to 
be  strong  and  prosperous  it 
is   essential    for   its   citizens 
to  be  healthy.     It  is  due  to 
you  that  sanitary  principles 
are  now  spreading  through- 

50 


Returning  home   after   a   few   weeks  in   the 
charity    ward 


out  the  land,  and  it  is  also  due  to  you  that  poor  and  desti- 
tute women  and  children  have  been  succored  and  have  re- 
ceived the  elements  of  an  enlightened  education.  Many  of 
you  assisted  during  the  plague,  materially  aiding  in  restrict- 
ing the  ravages  of  the  disease  which  alarmed  the  whole 
world,  while  during  the  Revolution  many  of  you  faced 
danger  and  difficulties  in  order  to  relieve  sufiferers.  I  am 
glad  of  this  opportunity  to  tender  my  personal  thanks, 
and  I  hope  that  you  will  continue  in  the  future  as  in  the 
past,  thus  adding  to  the  glory  of  your  reputation  and 
strengthening  the  bond  of  friendship  between  your  coun- 
tries and  ours,  which  I  earnestly  hope  will  be  strength- 
ened every  year." 

Ex-President  Taft  said  the  missionary  had  formed  communi- 
ties which  had  been  the  nuclei  of  a  new  civilization. 

The  physician  in  non-Christian  lands  has  illustrated  the  truth 
of  the  text:  "Godliness  is  profitable  unto  all  things,  having  prom- 
ise of  the  life  that  now  is  and  of  that  which  is  to  come." 


51 


CHAPTER  V. 

"The  Poor  Have  the  Gospel  Preached  to  Them" 

The  medical  missionary  is  an  evangelist:  he  preaches.  The 
labels  on  the  bottles  of  medicine  contain  verses  of  Scripture.  The 
prescription  card  has  a  Scripture  verse.  The  words  spoken  in  hos- 
pital and  dispensary  are  direct  messages  from  the  preacher  to  the 
hearer.  The  hospital  draws  audiences  that  no  preacher  can  hope 
to  gain.  In  a  single  hospital  and  dispensary  in  Korea,  in  one  year, 
more  than  17,000  persons  heard  the  Gospel  preached.  The  phy- 
sician drew  the  crowd,  the  native  evangelist  spoke  the  word.  But 
it  is  in  the  indirect  preaching  that  the  beloved  physician  does  his 
most  effective  work.  His  acts  speak  louder  than  words.  His  life 
is  a  sermon.  He  is  a  living  epistle  known  and  read  of  all  men.  Pie 
needs  no  interpreter.  It  is  a  proverbial  saying  that  the  medical 
missionary  opens  doors.     He  does  more,  he  opens  hearts.     "Come 


The   Dispensary   Sunday    School,    Bohol,    P.   I. 


unto  me  all  you  who  feel  trouble,"  so  runs  the  Bulu  New  Testa- 
ment, "and  tell  the  loads,  and  I  will  give  you  rest."  Many  a  weary 
toiler  panting  beneath  a  heavy  physical  or  moral  load,  has  had 
the  burden  removed  by  the  skillful  act  and  kindly  word  of  him 
who  follows  in  the  path  of  the  Great  Physician. 

Out  of   the   hospital   the  physician   cuts   a  wide   swath.      His 
itinerating  trips  are  evangelistic. 

"While  itinerating,"  writes  one  who  had  spent  long 
years  of  service  under  Syrian  skies,  "we  strive  most  earn- 
estly by  our  example  to  impress  upon  the  people  wherever 
we  go  to  serve  one  another  in  love,  to  merge  self-interest 
into  love  of  others,  pride  of  race  or  tribe  into  a  desire 
to  each  esteem  other  better  than  himself.  Barriers  of 
section,  race  and  religion  are  high,  ancient  blood  fueds  and 
the  memory  of  recent  wrongs  are  hard  to  efface;  but  we 

52 


live  among  tht  people  and  for  them,  never  asking  to  what 
religion  or  tribe  they  belong.  .  .  ,  One  plaee  we  camped 
in  had  not  been  visited  by  a  foreign  missionary  for  seven 
months.  During  this  time  the  preacher  had  lost  a  child, 
had  seen  his  scholars  removed  en  masse  from  his  school 
by  threats,  a  bonfire  of  Bibles  had  been  lighted,  and  two 
bans  of  excommunication  pronounced  against  anyone  who 
spoke  to  him.  Do  you  wonder  that  such  workers  welcome 
the  opportunity  to  preach  to  increasing  audiences,  to  help 
us  in  special  services,  to  meet  patients  from  villages  not 
yet  visited  by  them  which  will  ensure  them  a  welcome 
there  in  the  future? 

''When  riding  through  another  large  town  with  the 
preacher  who  had  gone  out  to  meet  us,  a  generous  share 
of  a  shower  of  pebbles  intended  for  him  fell  upon  me,  but 
once  our  errand  of  mercy  was  understood,  hatred  and  op- 
l^osition  completely  vanished.  Before,  no  meat  nor  even 
a  jar  of  water  could  be  obtained;  now  all  vied  in  offer- 
ing their  services.  Previously,  the  doorway  was  shunned, 
now,  a  sturdy  guard  could  scarce  keep  order  among  those 
crowding  into  the  yard.  At  another  place  when  our  com- 
ing w^as  announced,  the  school  rose  from  six  to  sixty,  be- 
cause the  teacher,  on  his  own  responsibility,  announced 
that  we  would  not  treat  any  member  of  the  family  of  a 
boy  who  had  been  removed." 

His  vocation  demands  evangelization. 

"I  have  had  more  than  the  usual  number  of  chances  for 
personal  w^ork  with  individuals,"  writes  a  physician  engaged  in 
work  among  Moslems  in  Persia. 

"My  assistant,  too,  has  been  very  faithful  in  such 
work.  There  seems  to  be  a  number  of  sincere  inquirers. 
One  family  has  specially  interested  us.  A  little  boy  came 
to  the  hospital  in  September  for  a  small  operation.  He 
proved  to  be  a  'bleeder,'  and  in  spite  of  all  our  efforts 
continued  to  bleed  for  many  days  so  that  his  stay  in  the 
hospital  was  much  prolonged.  His  father  and  mother 
were  with  him  most  of  the  time.  I  suggested  to  the  two 
school  boys  who  were  helping  me  this  winter  that  they 
read  to  him.  My  assistant  also  talked  and  read  with  the 
parents.  They  developed  a  genuine  interest.  The  mother 
and  little  boy  have  been  coming  to  Sunday-school  ever 
since,  while  the  father  and  an  older  brother  attend  the  men's 
Bible  class.  Another  is  an  Ali  Allahi  (a  sect  which  con- 
siders Ali,  the  son-in-law  of  Mohammed,  divine)  whom  I 
first  met  in  Lahijan.  He  used  to  come  occasionally  but 
did  not  seem  much  interested  until  one  day,  when  I  was 
busy,  my  assistant  undertook  to  entertain  him.  Evidently 
my  assistant  was  better  able  to  reach  his  understanding, 
for  since  then  he  has  been  a  frequent  caller  and  (unable 
to  read  himself)  has  listened  eagerlv  to  the  reading  of  the 
Word." 

53 


Head  nurse  and  pupil  nurses,  An   Ding  Hospital,   China 


"A  fellow  feeling  makes  us  wondrous  kind."  The  fact  that 
suffering  can  be  relieved,  develops  brotherly  love  and  kindness  among 
Christians  in  non-Christian  lands.  One  morning  a  poor  Chris- 
tian, living  near  one  of  the  hospitals  in  Korea,  carried  into  the  con- 
sulting-room a  feeble,  gray-haired  old  man.  The  Christian  said, 
"Doctor,  this  is  a  poor  Christian  brother  who  is  ill.  I  have  bought 
Korean  medicines  for  him  and  done  everything  we  know  how,  but 
cannot  help  him."  The  old  man,  was  gasping  with  pneumonia, 
complicated  with  a  bad  heart.  Under  skillful  treatment  he  recov- 
ered. Weeks  later,  meeting  the  physician  in  church  after  service, 
he  grasped  his  hand  and  said,  "Thank  God  for  the  doctor  and  my 
Christian  brothers."  The  Gospel  had  been  preached  by  native 
Christian  and  medical  missionary  without  text  or  sermon. 

The  triumphs  of  the  Gospel  are  seen  in  the  hospital  as  pos- 
sibly nowhere  else.  A  brutal  husband  will  beat  his  wife  merci- 
lessly, and  then  kind  friends  will  bring  her  to  the  hospital  where, 
after  a  quick  recovery,  she  returns  filled  with  the  spirit  of  the 
Gospel  and  wins  the  man  who  so  cruelly  beat  her. 

In  the  district  bordering  on  the  Hwai  Yuen  station  in  China, 
are  groups  of  believers.  Most  of  these  were  brought  into  contact 
with  the  Gospel  in  the  wards  of  the  hospital.  The  kindly  recep- 
tion which  the  evangelist  and  the   foreigner  receives  traveling  in 

54 


the  district  is  due,  in  large  measure,  to  the  friendly  feeling  created 
in  the  hospital.  Everywhere  throughout  the  region  where  dwell 
those  who  have  been  treated  l)y  the  medical  missionary,  kindness  is 
shown  to  the  preacher  and  teacher  of  the  Gospel.  The  unspoken 
word,  the  acts  of  love  so  freely  given,  break  through  the  crust  of 
indifference  and  unbelief  and  sin.  A  well-to-do  merchant,  know-n 
throughout  the  city  of  Taiku,  who  had  been  an  infidel  for  years, 
was  brought  to  the  hospital  in  a  very  precarious  condition.  His 
friends  were  unwilling  that  an  operation  should  be  performed, 
saying,  "He  is  too  weak  for  the  instrument  work."  After  a  time 
consent  was  given,  the  operation  performed.  He  went  hom'e 
cured.  During  his  weeks  of  convalescence  he  heard  the  Gospel, 
but  it  seemed  to  make  no  impression.  The  day  he  went  home,  earn- 
est prayer  was  made  with  him  privately.  Later,  he  said,  "How  is 
it  possible  for  a  man  to  resist  longer  when  he  is  prayed  for  spe- 
cially like  that." 

The  far-reaching  effect  of  this  type  of  preaching  cannot  be 
estimated.  A  tiny  slave  girl  whose  mistress  punished  her  by  thrust- 
ing hot  needles  into  her  feet  and  ankles,  was  sent  to  the  Tooker 
Memorial  Hospital  at  Foochow.  She  was  an  outcast, — a  cast  off 
bit  of  humanity.  Her  cure,  body  and  soul,  was  complete.  From 
a  miserable,  suffering  child,  love  had  changed  her  into  the  happy, 
loving  pet  of  the  home.  The  text  and  the  sermon  was  one  those 
who  saw  and  heard  could  never  forget. 

Even  where  the  disease  is  beyond  the  skill  of  the  practitioner, 
the  Christ  love  does  its  work.  A  patient  with  an  incurable  cancer 
stayed  for  a  time  at  the  hospital  in  Peking  and  listened  eagerly  to 
the  old,  old  story.  "I  know  this  is  a  Gospel  of  patience  and  love," 
she  cried  after  a  time,  "so  I  shall  exhort  my  daughter-in-law  not 
to  fight,  and  I  myself  will  give  up  my  habit  of  going  out  on  the 
street  and  reviling  my  relatives  Avhenever  they  have  done  any- 
thing I  do  not  like." 

Is  it  strange  that,  in  the  report  of  a  year's  work  in  this  hos- 
pital, there  is  the  statement :  "These  are  some  of  the  bright  bits 
of  the  mosaic  of  life  that  we  see  in  our  wards  from  day  to  day." 

Among  primitive  nations,  as  in  Africa,  the  people  are  visited 
and  treated  in  their  towns  and  in  their  homes,  where,  before  the 
coming  of  the  medical  missionary,  disease,  physical  and  moral, 
bound  them  with  fetters  that  could  not  be  broken.  The  medical 
missionary,  with  the  aid  of  a  motorcycle,  travels  from  village  to 
village,  and  at  the  sound  of  the  cycle  approaching  the  village,  the 
people  will  gather  from  near  and  far  and  listen  to  his  words  be- 
cause he  is  able  to  heal  them  of  their  sickness  and  relieve  them 
of  their  disease. 

Among  half  primitive  peoples,  as  in  Laos,  the  Gospel  of 
healing  finds  a  ready  entrance  into  the  heart  and  home  of  the  people. 
Two  brothers  lay  side  by  side  in  a  Laos  home,  stricken  with  fever. 
For  many  weeks  native  doctors  of  all  kinds  had  tried  their  rem- 
edies, but  to  no  purpose.  The  last  one  called,  said  to  the  younger 
brother,  "I  can  do  nothing  for  you;  unless  something  very  precious 
should  fall  from  heaven  there  is  no  hope."  Something  precious 
did  fall.     The  Christian  elder,  trained  by  the  physician,  was  called 

55 


Before    operation,    Philippines 


in,  quinine  administered,  fever  broken,  and  in  a  few  weeks  both 
were  well.  The  people  thus  lose  their  faith  in  the  spirits  and 
the  native  spirit  doctors,  and  turn  to  the  Great  Physician. 

One  of  the  first  cases  in  the  Hospital  in  Taiku,  Korea,  was  that 
of  a  young  man  very  ill,  the  members  of  whose  family  were  sure 
that  he  would  die.  His  cousin,  who 
came  for  the  physician,  said,  "We 
have  all  heard  the  Gospel,  but  have 
not  believed  it.  If  you  will  cure  him 
now  we  will  all  do  so  honestly."  The 
patient  improved  rapidly  and  after 
a  month  was  able  to  limp  to  the 
church  near  by.  He  is  an  alert,  in- 
telligent man,  and  soon  developed 
into  an  earnest  Bible  student.  His 
Christianity  at  first,  like  that  of  many 
sick  Koreans,  was  a  matter  of  sharp 
bargaining,  pure  and  simple.  Their 
reasoning  is  logical, — "We  followed 
the  Buddhist  doctrine,  and  prayed  at 
the  temples,  but  did  not  recover.  We 
worship  the  spirits,  but  are  no  better, 
now  we  will  do  the  Jesus  doctrine  if  that  will  make  us  well.  Many 
of  them,  whenever  they  recover,  are  so  grateful  that  they  turn  a 
listening  ear  to  the  teaching  and  accept  it  from  the  heart.  The 
medical  missionary  under  God  is  the  means  whereby  the  Gospel 
finds  a  way  even  into  such  selfish  hearts. 

On  the  other  hand,  cases  not  a  few  indicate  that  where  suf- 
ferers know  their  bodily  ailments  cannot  be  cured,  they  seek  a 
physician  who  can  cure  the  soul. 

A  wealthy  Bulu  headman  in  Kamerun,  West  Africa,  who  had 
been  exceedingly  wicked,  was  made  to  understand  that  his  days 
on  earth  were  probably  limited.  Looking  earnestly  into  the  eyes  of 
the  physician,  he  said,  "Do  you  know  why  I  came  to  the  hos- 
pital at  Elat?  It  was  not  because  I  thought  I  would  get  well,  but 
because  I  knew  you  would  show  me  the 
path."  He  was  shown  the  path  "which 
shineth  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect 
day." 

An  intelligent  Buddhist  priest  was 
more  than  a  month  convalescing  after  a 
surgical  operation  in  the  hospital  at  Taiku. 
The  doctor  said,  "Have  you  not  yet  de- 
cided to  become  a,  Christian?"  He  an- 
swered, "I  have."  "What  led  you  to  de- 
cide?" He  replied,  "The  difference  be- 
tween what  I  have  heard  here  and  of  that 
worship  in  the  temple  which  I  know  is 
foolishness."  The  priest  departed.  The 
evangelist  connected  with  the  hospital  and 
some  of  the  students  were  skeptical  about 
After  operation  his   change   of  heart.      He  had   no   money 


to  pay  for  the  fee  agreed  upon,  nor  for  his  board  bill.  He 
promised,  however,  to  send  it  in  three  months.  He  had  nothing 
to  pledge.  A  Bible  and  hynm  book  were  sold  him  on  credit.  As  he 
went  away,  •  the  evangelist  remarked,  "That  is  the  last  we  shall 
hear  of  him."  Promptly  on  the  date  agreed  upon,  however,  a  post- 
office  order  for  the  amount  and  a  long  letter  of  gratitude  were  re- 
ceived. The  amazement  of  the  hospital  staff  was  great.  The 
sermon  had  been  more  effective  than  any  of  them  had  supposed. 

To  one  who  has  followed  the  course  of  medical  missions 
there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  permanent  effect  of  the  Gospel 
preached  by  the  medical  missionary.  The  most  stubborn  enemy 
of  the  Cross  in  all  non-Christian  lands  is  Caste.  This  enters  into 
the  warp  and  woof  of  the  economic,  civil  and  religious  life  in 
India.  It  is  even  doubted  by  some  students  of  missions  and  some 
recent  visitors  to  mission  lands  whether  the  breaking  of  the  caste 
system  in  a  land  like  India,  and  the  introduction  of  individualism, 
may  not  be  fraught  with  great  dangers  both  to  the  individual 
and  to  the  nation.     But  even  caste  yields  to  the  physician. 

A  blind  Alahar,  after  a  forty-mile  tramp  in  rough  weather, 
reached  the  Hospital  at  \^engurle,  India.  He  was  a  low  caste  man. 
He  was  speedily  frightened 
away,  because  of  Brahmans  in 
the  same  ward  who  called  down 
on  him  the  curses  of  heaven  for 
daring  to  stay  in  the  room  with 
them.  In  spite  of  the  entreaties 
and  promises  of  the  physician, 
he  and  his  family  fled.  The 
priceless  gift  of  sight  could  have 
been  his  after  a  few  days'  resi- 
dence, but  the  caste  spirit  drove 
him  out  to  continue  his  life  of 
darkness.  These  untouchables 
often  remain  and  are  cured.  A 
sermon  is  then  preached  which 
bids  fair  to  make  even  the  walls 
of  the  Jericho  caste  fall  down  flat, 
hospital  by  a  young  man  who  came  from  a  distant  village  and 
insisted  on  a  private  room  so  as  to  be  as  little  contaminated  as  pos- 
sible with  the  lower  caste  people.  He  was  sullen,  suspicious,  and 
supposed  that  the  missionary  had  evil  intentions.  As  the  days 
passed  by  his  suspicions  vanished.  One  of  the  Christian  women, 
a  ward  patient,  needed  a  private  room  because  of  certain  complica- 
tions which  had  developed.  This  young  man  came  forward  volun- 
tarily and  offered  his  room,  saying  he  would  gladly  stay  in  the 
ward.  Before  he  left  the  hospital  he  confessed  his  belief  in  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  He  revisited  the  hospital  and,  like  Andrew  of 
old,  brought  his  brother  with  him. 

The  preacher  whose  Gospel  breaks  the  chains  of  caste  is  the 
physician.  A  woman  of  high  caste,  needing  an  operation,  was 
sent  to  the  Miraj  Hospital.  She  had  often  heard  the  Old.  Old 
Story,  and  though  interested  would  not  accept  the  Saviour  because 


ambulance 


Vengurle 


This  was  evidenced  in  the  same 


I'our  graduate  nurses  of  the   Severance  Hospital,   Korea 

it  meant  the  breaking  of  high  caste.  She  was  greatly  impressed 
during  her  convalescence  with  the  Christian  native  nurses  and  the 
Gospel  story  which  they  told,  and  better  still,  which  they  exempli- 
fied. The  nurses  said  to  her,  "Go  home  and  tell  your  friends  what 
great  things  the  Lord  has  done  for  you."  She  had  to  travel  a 
long  distance  on  the  train,  and  then  was  carried  in  a  heavy  down- 
pour of  rain  on  a  cart  loaded  with  cocoanuts.  Arriving  at  her 
village  she  refused  to  salute  the  god  of  the  yillage  as  her  custom 
was  when  she  was  carried  past  it.  In  consequence  of  her  long 
ride  through  the  rain,  she  became  ill  and  a,  missionary  living  near 
was  sent  for,  who,  seeing  that  the  woman's  condition  was  serious, 
took  her  to  her  home  and  nursed  her.  She  said,  "I  will  never 
worship  idols  again  and  I  mean  to  tell  the  people  what  the  Lord 
has  done  for  me."  As  the  end  drew  near  and  her  old  mother  and 
young  daughter  were  with  her  during  her  last  days,  she  witnessed 
to  all  her  faith  in  Christ,  saying,  "I  am  not  afraid  to  go  out  to 
darkness.     Jesus  will  not  let  me  go  alone." 

The  caste  and  the  outcastes  alike  are  reached  by  the  Gospel  of 
the  Healer.     "To  the  poor  the  Gospel  is  preached." 


58 


CHAPTER  VI. 
The  Last  Bkatitude 


The  physician  whose  Hfe  is  dominated  by  the  spirit  of  his 
Master  has  pecuhar  opportunities  for  removing  stumbhng  blocks 
from  the  path  of  toiling-  men  and  women.  The  most  bitter  oppo- 
sition breaks  down  before  the  magic  wand  of  him  who  brings 
healing  to  the  body  and  life  to  the  spirit. 

One  loves  to  think  of  the  missionary  in  the  Christ-land  fol- 
lowing so  closely  in  the  footsteps  of  the  Divine  Alaster.  In  the 
hospital  in  Beirut,  where  the  missionaries  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board  have  so  long  ministered,  patients  come  from  all  parts  of 
Syria  and  Palestine,  from  Egypt,  Cyprus,  Constantinople,  Russia 
and   various    parts    of   Asia    Minor.      The   hospital    has    Bibles    in 

Arabic,  Turkish, 
Hebrew,  Yiddish, 
French,  German 
and  Greek,  and 
they  are  often  in 
use.  Many  a  stolid 
Jew  has  had  his 
heart  softened  to 
find  a  copy  of  his 
Sacred  Law  in  his 
hands.  One 
woman  from  a  dis- 
tant Jewish  colony 
said  with  great 
earnest  ness,  'T 
sometimes  think 
that  we  are  reject- 
ing the  very  Christ,  that  He  truly  fulfilled  the  prophecies,  only  we 
are  too  blind  to  see."  She  spoke  better  than  she  knew,  and  her  state- 
ment could  be  verified  in  many  a  Hebrew  and  Moslem  home 
throughout  the  Orient. 

Some  years  ago  a  Kurd,  Timur-bag,  went  to  Westminster 
Hospital,  Urumia.  He  was  very  ill.  He  had  tried  many  physicians 
and  was  not  cured.  He  was  a  chief,  and  controlled  many  villages 
over  the  Persian  border.  He  came  to  the  hospital  on  a  litter  with 
a  large  retinue.  It  seemed  as  if  he  might  die  that  night.  Under 
the  blessing  of  God  and  the  skillful  care  of  the  medical  mission- 
ary, he  recovered.  His  interest  in  all  that  he  saw  in  the  Hospital 
was  very  great,  giving  special  attention  to  surgical  operations,  and 
often  visiting  the  wards.  Some  time  after  his  return  home  the 
chiefs  in  his  region,  in  a  conclave  where  Timur  was  present,  pro- 
posed the  assassination  of  Armenians.  He  opposed  the  proposition 
on  the  ground  of  his  experiences  in  the  hospital  and  declared  that 
if  the  othicr  chiefs  decided  to  carry  out  the  plan,  he  would  cast 

59 


i 

'.'■   ^  ^^^m^^^r-' '  ^ 

'iMIM 

1 

^m 

i 

5r^ 

A   missioaarj'   plivbiciau 


iur^ical   treatuiLUl,   .Vliit. 


Mountaineers — came    four    days'    journey    to    Urumia    Hospital 

in  his  lot  with  the  Christians  and  fight  against  the  Kurds.   He  made 
these  three  points : 

First:  Their  abiHty  to  cure  at  the  hospital.  Second:  The 
equal  care  of  the  poor,  the  lowest  and  all  sorts  and  conditions  of 
men  as  well  as  chiefs  like  himself.  Third:  The  hospital  doctor 
and  others  there  were  gentlemen  and  ladies  and  yet  they  did  this 
lowliest  service  for  all  alike. 

The  "Beloved  Physician"  who  so  successfully  treated  this 
wild  Kurdish  chief  has  long  since  passed  to  his  rest.  His  succes- 
sor, after  one  term  of  service,  on  his  return  home,  having  labored 
in  the  same  territory,  writes : 

"My  heart  burns  within  me,  especially  when  I  travel 
into  Kurdistan.  In  this  land  where  every  man's  hand  is 
against  his  neighbor,  where  robbing  and  killing  are  or- 
dinary, every-day  occupations,  there  is  a  rich  field  await- 
ing the  coming  of  the  missionary.  The  Kurds  are  truly 
'as  sheep  without  a  shepherd,'  and  'no  man  cares  for  their 
souls.'  Yet  they  are  warm-hearted  and  friendly  to  a 
marked  degree.  And  the  doctor  at  least  is  safe  to  go  any- 
where among  them." 

This  is  not  a  mere  missionary  apologetic.  It  is  the  removal 
of  a  great  stumbling  block  in  the  way  of  the  progress  of  the  King- 
dom.   The  last  of  the  Beatitudes  has  been  realized  by  the  physician. 

Any  one  living  in  India  knows  the  difficulty  of  securing  real 
sympathetic  touch  with  the  people.  The  physician  secures  the 
touch.  A  strict  purdah  woman  from  Central  India  said,  as  she 
threw  aside  the  curtain  which,  until  that  time  had  concealed  her 
from  the  physician,  "We  will  consider  the  doctor  one  of  the  fam- 
ily." In  this  single  act  she  revealed  how  the  man  of  God,  skilled 
in  medical  practice,   can   overcome  the  prejudices   of  centuries. 

60 


Children   operated   on  at   ^liraj   Hospital 


In  the  clinic  of  the  Tripoli  Hospital,  one  morning,  a  patient 
said :  "T  am  a  brother  of  the  great  chief  of  the  Anczeh  tribe  of 
Arabs  who  live  on  the  desert  east  of  this  place.  Last  winter  I  was 
shot  in  the  arm  and  people  tell 
•me  there  is  a  dead  bone  which 
must  be  removed."  The  dead 
bone  was  there  and  the  phy- 
sician was  able  to  remove  it  and 
send  his  patient  back  well  and 
strong.  Some  time  after  the 
physician  and  his  assistant 
started  to  spend  the  Sabbath  in 
two  villages  on  the  borders  of 
the  Syrian  desert.  As  the)- 
journeyed,  they  came  to  a  low 
hill,  when  up  sprung  a  number 
of  Bedouins,  dressed  in  their 
picturesque  costume,  riding  their 
magnificent  horses,  each  man  armed  with  a  repeating  rifle,  sword 
and  revolver.  Every  rifle  was  ready.  The  click  of  the  hammer  was 
distinctly  heard.  The  leader  said.  "Who  are  you  and  where  are 
you  going?"  The  doctor  replied,  "Only  a  doctor;  I  am  going  to 
yonder  village  on  the  Lord's  business.  I  had  the  honor  of  treating 
the  brother  of  your  Chief."  "Are  you  the  American  doctor?" 
He  answered,  "Yes,"  to  which  the  reply  came,  "Then  go  in  peace." 
Each  man  put  up  his  rifle  and  was  soon  lost  to  sight.  The  doctor  and 
his  assistant  went  on  their  way.  This  is  the  land  "where  all  that 
were  sick  with  divers  diseases  came  and  were  healed."  It  is  the 
same  Gospel  and  preached  in  the  same  spirit  as  of  old. 

It  is  the  contrast  between  the  old  and  the  new,  between  the 
religion  exemplified  by  the  medical  missionary  and  the  religion 
bound  hand  and  foot  by  caste,  custom,  superstition,  and  prejudice, 
that  makes  the  last  Beatitude  so  impressive.  During  one  of  the 
recent  famines  in  India,  starving  children  were  refused  food  because 
it  was  given  by  an  outcaste,  that  is,  a  Christian.  One  day  a  very 
thin,  old  man  came  among  the  crowd  that  had  gathered  on  the 
mission  compound.  Some  native  bread  was  handed  him  which  he 
c|uickly  took.  In  a  short  time  the  people  began  to  beat  him  and 
drove  him  off  the  compound  because  he  took  bread  from  the  hands 
of  a  Christian,  and  he  a  caste  man.  This  is  a  true  picture  of 
Hinduism. 

Before  many  months  had  passed,  on  this  same  compound,  high 
caste  mothers  were  ofifering  to  nurse  the  babies  of  low  caste  women. 
The  Gospel  of  relief  had  brought  a  social  revolution,  had  removed 
a  stumbling  block,  had  taught  the  fatherhood  of  God.  and  the 
brotherhood  of  man. 

A  man  whose  wife  was  ill  in  the  hospital  at  Hunan,  after 
seeing  the  doctor  sit  up  with  her  for  two  nights,  exclaimed.  "I 
know  there  is  something  in  Christianity,  since  it  makes  a  doctor 
willing  to  do  this."  Even  the  patient  sees  that  what  is  needed  is 
more  than  physical  healing.  A  tired  woman  was  waiting  her  turn 
in  a  mission  dispensary,  and  when  she  came  she  raised  her  eyes 

61 


Chapel    service   at    Sri   Tamarat    Hospital,    Siam 


to  the  physician  and  said,  "Give  me  some  medicine  for  a  sad  heart, 
my  son  is  dead." 

The  skilled  practitioner  quickly  detects  where  more  is  needed 
than  physical  healing,  and  when  the  heart  is  full  with  love  to  the 
Divine  Master,  he  can  pour  the  oil  of  joy  and  the  wine  of  glad- 
ness into  the  bruised  spirit.  The  Spirit  of  the  Lord  God,  of  which 
Isaiah  sang,  enables  the  physician  to  "bind  up  the  broken-hearted" 
as  well  as  "to  heal  the  sick."  The  physician  who  can  speak  peace 
to  the  troubled  soul  brings  often  a  larger  blessing  than  he  who  re- 
moves pain  from  the  body.  No  better  illustration  of  the  vast  hold 
which  the  medical  missionary  can  gain  on  a  community,  or  on  a 
ruler,  and  on  a  nation,  than  is  seen  in  the  report  of  the  Miraj 
Hospital  for  the  year,  1913 : 

"Many  Parsees  also  find  their  way  to  the  hospital. 
Courteous,  dignified  and  grateful  for  the  care  received, 
they  make  good  patients.  Amongst  other  patients  we 
find  nearly  all  the  classes  of  people  the  country  can  pro- 
duce. The  high  and  low,  the  rich  and  poor,  some  travel- 
ing hundreds  of  miles  and  dififering  widely  from  Marathi 
people  in  appearance,  language  and  customs.  One  man,  a 
villainous  type  from  Kabul,  Afghanistan,  traveled  over  two 
thousand  miles  to  our  hospital.  He  was  scarred  and 
wounded,  the  result  of  a  feud,  and  frankly  admitted  that 
his  whole  desire  for  recovery  was  that  he  might  take  re- 
venge by  killing  the  enemy  who  had  wounded  him.  We 
try  to  be  friends  to  the  women  and  children  and  often  get 
glimpses  into  their  lives  of  ignorance  and  superstition 
that  make  us  long  to  be  able  to  help  them. 

"The  most  notable  change  in  the  work  itself  has  been 
its  continuous  growth,  evidenced  this  year  in  the  erection 


of  new  buildings. 


62 


"Through  the  generosity  of  His  Highness,  the  Maha- 
rajah of  Kolhapur,  a  new  plot  of  six  and  a  half  acres  of 
land  opposite  the  hos- 
pital has  been  secured 
for  the  erection  of  such 
new  buildings  as  the  de- 
velopment of  the  work 
demands,  and  income  of 
the  work  may  permit. 

"Two  gifts  of  Rs. 
15000  and  Rs.  3300,  re- 
spectively, have  been 
promised  towards  the 
erection  of  a  new  hos- 
pital block  for  Parsees 
on  this  site,  where  we 
hope  in  time  to  erect  a 
new  residence  for  phy- 
sicians, which  will  be 
required  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  medical 
school,  together  with  the 
proposed  new  laboratory 
when  that  is  needed.     It 

is  a  satisfaction  to  be  able  to  report  the  complete  self-sup- 
port of  the  work,  and  we  expect  ///  tlic  coining  fiscal  year 
to  relinquish  all  appropriations  from  America,  either  for 
the  cnrrent  work  or  nezv  hnildings." 

The  hope  of  the  future  in  all  non-Christian  lands  is  that  groups 
of  native  men  and  women  can  be  trained  in  the  skill  and  science 
of  the  West,  coupled  with  the  spirit  and  love  of  Him  who  came 
down  from  heaven  as  a  missionary  to  a  suffering  world. 

"Has  your  country  many  daughters  like  you?"  said  a  robber 
chief  to  the  elect  lady  whose  hospital  tent  looks  out  on  the  snows 
of  Lebanon.  "Truly  our  work  is  to  despoil  and  deface ;  yours  is 
to  restore  and  repair." 

"Blessed  is  he  whomsoever  shall  not  be  offended  in  Me." 


Not    an    earring    but    a    horn    of    thirty 
years'   growth 


63 


APPENDIX  A 

Medical  missionaries  under  ai)poininK'nl  of  the  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions,  February  1st,  1914: 

AFRICA  :  Date  of  arrival 

Johnson,  Silas  F.,  M.D 1894 

Knight,  H.  W.,  M.D 1912 

Lehman,  W.  S.,  M.D 1898 

Pinney,  O.  H.,  M.D 1907 

Senska,  F.  R.,  M.D 1912 

Weber,  H.  L.,  M.D 1902 

Total       6 

CHINA  : 

Anderson,  Elizabeth  E.,  M.D 1907 

Bash,  Clementine,  M.D 1912 

Berst,  W.  L..  M.D 1907 

Boggs,  Mrs.  J.  J.  (Ruth  C.  Bliss,  M.D.) 1892 

Boyd,  Harry  W.,  M.D 1899 

Bryan,  Herman,   ]\I.D 1902 

Burnham,  Mary  L.,  M.D 1897 

Cochran,  Samuel,  M.D 1899 

Cooper,  Efifie  B.,  M.D 1899 

Cunningham,  W.  R.,  M.D 1904 

Dillev,  F.  E.,  M.D 1907 

Dobson  William  H.,  M.D 1897 

Dunlap,  R.  W.,  I\I.D 1909 

Fleming,  Emma  E.,  M.D 1898 

Fulton,  Mary  H.,  M.D 1884 

Hackett,  Martha,   M.D 1913 

Hamilton,    G.    W.,    J\I.D 1903 

Heimburger,  L.   F.,   M.D 1913 

Harding,  B.  M.,  M.D 1913 

Hills,  Oscar  F„  M.D 1907 

Humphreys,  Anne  F.,  M.D 1913 

Johnson,  'C.    F.,    M.D 1889 

keator,  Louise  H.,  M.D 1903 

Keller,   J.  F.,  M.D 1903 

Lasel'l,  S.  L.,  M.D 1899 

Leonard,  Eliza  E.,  M.D 189r, 

Lewis,  C.  E.,  M.D 189G 

Lewis,  S.  C,  M.D 1901 

Lewis,  Elizabeth   F.,   M.D 1906 

Logan,  O.  T.,  M.D 1897 

Lyon,  C.  H.,  M.D 1900 

McCandliss,  H.  M.,  M.D 1885 

65 


CHINA:  {Continued) 

Mackey,  Maud,  M.D 1899 

Machle,  E.  C,  M.D 1889 

Mateer,  Mrs.  R.  M.  (Madge  Dickson,  M.D.) 1889 

Merwin  Caroline  S.,  M.D 1905 

Murdoch,  Agnes  G.,  M.D 1908 

Neal,  J.  B.,  M.D 1883 

Niles,  Mary  W.,  M.D 1882 

Patton,  Mrs.  C.  E.  (Isabella  Mack,  M.D.) 1905 

Robertson,  W.  E.,  M.D 1906 

Robinson,  Mary  H.,  M.D 1913 

Ross,  R.  M.,  M.D 1906 

Roys,  C.  K.,  M.D 1904 

Seymour,  S.  F.,  M.D 1894 

Schultz,  W.  M.,  M.D 1909 

Sloan,  T.  D.,  M.D 1912 

Tooker,  F.  J.,  M.D 1901 

Tooker,  Mrs.  F.  J.  (Mary  E.  Fitch,  M.D.) 1901 

Tootell,  G.  T.,  M.D 1913 

Vanderburg,  E.  D.,  M.D 1894 

Total     51 

INDIA : 

Allen,  M.  Maude,  M.D 1894 

Avey,  Mrs.  H.  T.  (Sarah  E.  Swezey,  M.D.) 1910 

Carleton,  M.  B.,  M.D 1881 

Carleton  Jessica  R.,  M.D 1886 

Forman,  C.  W.,  M.D 1883 

Goheen,  R.  H.  H.,  M.D 1905 

MacArthur,  Victoria  E.,  M.D 1899 

Marshall,  Mrs.  A.  W.  (Mary  J.  Stewart,  M.D.)  .  .  .  1900 

Marston,  Emily,  M.D 1891 

Mitchell,  Alice,  M.D 1895 

Noble,  Mary  R.,  M.D 1903 

Orbison,  J.  H..  M.D 1886 

Vail,  C.  E.,  M.D 1909 

Vrooman,  Sarah,  M.D 1901 

Wanless,  W.  J.,  M.D 1889 

Wilson,  A.  S.,  M.D 1896 

Young,  Annie,  M.  D 190G 

Total     17 

GUATEMALA: 

Gregg,  Mary  E.,  M.D 1906 

Total       1 

PHILIPPINES: 

Carter,  R.  W.,  M.D 1907 

Graham,  J.  A.,  M.D 1905 

Hall,  J.  A.,  M.D 1900 

Langheim,  H.  W..  M.D 1901 

Miller,  W.  J.,  M.D 1913 

Total       5 

66 


KOREA : 

Avison,  O.  R.,   M.D 1893 

Bigger,  J.  D.,  M.D 1911 

Fletcher,  A.  G.,  M.D 1909 

Hirst,  J.  W.,  M.D 1904 

Ludlow,  A.  I.,  M.D 1911 

Mills,  R.  G.,  M.D 1908 

Pieters,  Mrs.  A.  A.  (Eva  H.  Field,  M.D.) 1897 

Purviance,  W.  C.,  M.D 1908 

Sharrocks,  A.   M.,  M.D 1899 

Smith,  R.  K.,  M.D 1911 

Underwood,  Mrs.  H.  G.  (Lillias  S.  Horton,  M.D.)  1888 

Wells,  J.  H.,  M.D 1895 

Whiting,  FI.  C.,  AFD 1903 

Total     13 

PERSIA : 

Allen,  Mary  D.,  M.D 1910 

Cook,  J.  W.,  M.D 1913 

Frame,  J.  D.,  M.D 1905 

Funk,  J.  A.,  M.D 1902 

Lamme,  C.  W.,  M.D 1913 

Lawrence,  E.  T.,  M.D 1903 

Lawrence,  Mrs.  E.  J.  (Jessie  C.  Wilson,  ALD.)  .  .  .  1893 

Miiller,  Mrs.  H.  A.  (Laura  B.  McComI),  M.D.) .  .  1910 

Orcutt,  Edna  E.,  M.D 1911 

Packard,  FL   P.,  M.D 1906 

Smith,  Mary  J.,  M.D 1889 

Stead,  Mrs.  F.  M.  (Blanche  Wilson.  M.D.) 1900 

Sutherland,  Mira,  M.D 1913 

Vanneman,  W.  S.,  M.D 1890 

Total     14 

SI  AM : 

Bulkley ,  L.  C.,  M.D 1905 

McDaniel,  E.  B.,  M.D 1902 

Shellman,  C.  J..  M.D 1906 

Van  Metre  P.  W.,  M.D 1913 

Wachter,  E.,  M.D 1884 

Total       5 

LAOS: 

Beach,  W.  B.,  M.D 1913 

Briggs,  W.  A.,  M.D 1890 

Cort,  E.  C.,  M.D 1908 

Crooks,  C.  H.,  M.D 1904 

Lyon,  W.  T.,  M.D 1912 

Mason,  C.  W.,  M.D 1906 

McKean,  J-  W.,  M.D 1889 

Park,  C.   E.,   1\LD 1913 

Peoples,  S.  C,  M.D 1882 

Total       9 

67 


SYRIA  : 

Eddy,  Mary  P.,  M.D 1893 

Harris,   Ira,  M.D 18»3 

Harris,  Ara  Elsie,  M.D 1908 

1  otal       S 

TOTAL. 

Africa    • ^ 

^1  .  51 

China    

.    ,.  17 

India    ■• 

Guatemala    

Philippines    

Korea  

Persia 

e-  5 

Siam    

Laos 

Syria   

134 


Hospital    Buildings   at    MacLean    and    Assistants 


68 


APPENDIX  B. 


DATA  REGARDING  THE  PRESENT  MEDICAL  WORK  OF 

TPIE  PRESBYTERIAN  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS 

HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES.* 

Note. — Although,  where  po.ssible,  the  number  of  beds  is  given  for  each 
hospital,  it  should  be  remembered  that  this  does  not  mean  that  this  number 
of  patients  can  be  cared  for  at  any  one  time;  as  it  often  happens,  especially 
in  China,  that  a  number  of  the  relatives  and  friends  accompany  the  patient 
and  have  to  be  accommodated.  In  hospitals  where  there  are  no  nurses  these 
friends  are  really  necessary  in  serious  cases,  but  they  take  up  room  which 
might  otherwise  be  occupied  by  patients. 

AFRICA: 

BENITO— 

Dispensary  work  begun  1864 

Managed  by  lay  missionaries  until  1907  when  medi- 
cal missionary  came  to  station. 

Boys'    dormitory,    when    vacant,    used    as    operating 
room. 

Hospital  in  process  of  erection. 
BATANGA— 

Dispensary  work  begun  1885 

Small  Hospital. 

17  beds. 
EFULEN— 

Dispensary  work  begun  1900 

"Schauffler  Hospital  and  Dispensary"  1913 

Hospital  and  dispensary  buildings  the  gift  of  Mrs.  A. 
F.  Schauffler  of  New  York  City. 

Leper  work  connected  with  this  Station  1911 

MAC  LEAN— 

Dispensary  begun  1898 

Hospital. 

40  beds,  3  distinct  buildings. 
METET— 

Medical  work  begun  1909 

Dispensary. 

Nearest   physician    aside    from    station   physician,    54 

miles  distant. 

Outlook  good   for  medical   work   at   Metet.     As   yet 

(1914)    no    hospital    or    dispensary    buildings.      The 

natives  are  asking  for  the  white  man's  medicine  and 

want  to  know  when  a  hospital  is  to  be  built. 

The   missionary   takes   his   medicines   with   him    in   a 

chest  when  he  goes  on  an  itinerating  trip  and  holds 

clinics  by  the  roadside. 

*The  names  of  Hospitals  are  those  now  in  use. 

69 


CHINA: 

Medical  work  in  China  begun  at  Ningpo 
First  missionary  sent  to  China  by  Presbyterian  Board, 
a  physician,  Dr.  D.  B.  McCartee. 

HAINAN: 

HOIHOW,  KIUNGCHOW— 

Begun 

1   hospital,   erected 

85  beds, 

1   dispensary. 
Medical  work  begun  at  Kiungchow  by  physician.     All 
applicants  agree  to  spend  an  hour  a  day  in  studying 
Catechism,  New  Testament  and  hymns  if  they  wish 
to  become  in-patients. 
Work  among  lepers  carried  on  in  nearby  village. 


1844 


1885 
189G 


Back  of  Hoihow  Hospital 


Iloihow   Hospital 
71 


Dispensary,   Hoiliow 


NODOA— 

Medical  work  opened 

"Mary  Henry  Hospital" 

33  beds. 

Beds  consist  of  boards  placed  on  benches. 

Dispensary. 

Hospital    erected    by    women    of    Princeton    Church, 
Philadelphia,    in    memory    of    wife    of    Dr.    Addison 


1891 
1899 


Front   of    Kachek    Hospital,    Hainan 
72 


Henry.    Completed  with  gilts  from  missionaries  on  the 

field. 

Four  or  five  dialects  used  in  the  medical  work. 

KACHEK— 

Aledical  work  begun  1903 

"Kilborne  Hospital"  1907 

40  beds. 

Dispensary. 
Hospital   gift   of   ]\Ir.    A.    W.    Kilborne,    of   Orange, 
N.J. 

Some  of  the  best  evangelistic  work  and  workers  have 
been  developed  from  hospital  patients. 

SOUTH  CHINA: 

CANTON— 

Aledical  work  begun  1838 

1  Hospital. 

2  Dispensaries. 

1  Medical  College. 

1  Training  School  for  Nurses. 

1  Nurses'  Home. 

1  Hospital  for  Insane. 

The  first  medical  missionary  to  Canton  was  sent  out 
by  the  American  Board  in  1831: — Dr.  Peter  Parker. 
He  opened  a  hospital  chiefly  for  eye  diseases.  This 
was  merged  into  the  Canton  General  Hospital  and 
superintended  from  1853  to  1899  by  Dr.  John  G.  Kerr. 
Dr.  Kerr,  in  connection  with  this  hospital,  founded  the 
Refuge  for  the  Insane  from  which,  as  a  center,  much 
evangelistic  work  is  done. 

"The  David  Gregg  Hospital"  1901 

Given  by  Lafayette  Avenue  Church  of  Brooklyn  as 
an    appreciation    of    their    pastor,    the    Rev.    David 
Gregg,  D.D. 
Work  practically  self-supporting  from  gifts  of  Chinese. 


Hospital" 


73 


Native    women    physicians    operating-,    "David    Gregg    Hospita 


Examining   Room,    "David   Gregg   Hospital" 


"Julia  M.  Turner  Training  School  for  Nurses". 
Given  by  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Turner  in  memory  of  Mrs. 
C.  N.  Thorpe,  for  six  years  the  honored  and  beloved 
President  of  the  iWoman's  Board  of  Philadelphia. 

74 


Nurses  Home. 
Gift  of  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Turner  in  memory  of  Mrs.  C. 
N.  Thorpe. 


Ward   in   "David  Gregg  Hospital", 
Canton,    China 

Mary    H.    Perkins'    Maternitv    and    Cliilch-en's 

Wards" 
Memorial  by  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Turner  to  INFrs.  Alary  11. 
Perkins  of  the  Philadelphia  Board. 

The  Medical  School  for  women  was  opened 
Name  changed  to  "Hackett  Medical  College" 

Buildings  gift  of  Mr.  E.  A.  K.  Hackett,  of  Ft.  Wayne, 

Indiana. 


190G 


1901 
1903 


Graduates  and   Faculty   of  Hackett   Medical   College,    I'JH 


Motto  of  College:  "To  give  light  and  save  life".  r)2 
Chinese  women  have  been  graduated  from  the  Col- 
lege. One  of  the  women  members  of  the  staff  is  the 
most  famous  native  surgeon  in  China. 
Through  the  dispensaries  fully  22,000  people  have 
heard  the  Gospel  in  a  single  year. 
When    the    doctors    are   called    to   homes    they   carry 


^  c 


—  u 
3  C 


Kg 


tracts  for  distribution.  If  the  time  is  not  suitable  to 
talk  to  the  anxious  household,  the  tracts  are  left  for 
future  reading. 

Some  years  ago  a  large  hospital  was  built  in  Shek 
Lung  by  the  Merchants'  Guild.  For  some  reason  it 
was  not  opened,  and  the  large  building  stood  vacant 


Pupils  in   Dr.    Nilcs'   School    for   Blind,   Canton,   China 


Leper   Chapel,    Canton,    I  hina 
77 


until  last  spring,  when  it  was  decided  to  open  it,  with 
a  staff  which  included  representatives  of  both  East- 
ern and  Western  medicine. 

The  doctor  who  is  in  charge  of  the  Woman's  De- 
partment was  formerly  an  assistant  in  the  David  Gregg 
Hospital,  Canton,  and  teacher  in  the  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College. 

YEUNG  RUNG— 

"Forman  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men" 

14  beds. 

Dispensary. 
Hospital   gift   of    First   Presbyterian    Church,   Jersey 
City. 

LIEN  CHOU— 

First  hospital  opened 

Destroyed  by  mob 

Medical  Work  for  Women  begun 

"Van  Norden  Hospital  for  Men" 
50  beds. 

"James  H.  A.  Brooks  Hospital  for  Women" 

50  beds. 
These  two  hospitals  memorial  to  the  martyred  mis- 
sionaries of  Lien  Chou 


1902 


1897 
1905 
1899 

1910 


1910 


1905 


Outside   the   Woman's  Hospital,   Lien   Chou,    China 


78 


Ill    the    Children's    Ward,    Lien    Chou,    China 

SIANGTAN—  HUNAN: 

Medical  work  opened 

"Tooker  Memorial  Hospital" 

30  beds. 

Dispensary. 
Land  and  building  for  the  "Tooker   Memorial   Hos- 
pital" given  by  Mr.  Nathaniel  Tooker  of  East  Orange, 
N.  J.,  in  memory  of  his  wife. 

HENGCHOW— 

Medical  work  begun 

1   Hospital 

50  beds,  room  for  30  more. 

1  Dispensary. 
The  Hospital  was  given  by  the  Women's   Board  of 
New  York  in  1907  but  was  not  opened   for  lack  of 
equipment  until  1911. 

C  HEN  CHOW— 

1  Hospital. 
40  beds. 
1  Dispensary. 
Large  amount  of  medical   itineration   done   from  this 
station. 

Hospital  gift  of  Church  in  Warren,  Pa.     Equipment 
gift  of  Mrs.  Henry  Kuhn  in  memory  of  a  son. 

79 


1901 
1906 


1906 
1911 


Nathaniel  Tooker  Hospital,  Hunan,   China 


Hengchow  Hospital 
80 


CHANGTEH— 

Medical  work  opened  •  1899 

1  Hospital   for  Men  1903 

30  beds. 

1  Hospital   for  Women  1903 

12  beds. 
1  Dispensary. 

First  Hospital  opened  in  Hunan  Province. 
Men's  Hospital  was  begun  by  the  Cumberland  Board. 
The  first  hospital  opened  in  Hunan  Province. 
Land  for  Woman's  Hospital  given  by  the  women  of 
Salt  River  Presbytery,  Missouri. 

CENTRAL  CHINA: 

SOOCHOW— 

"Tooker   Memorial   Hospital    for  Women   and 

Children"  1899 

35  beds. 
Built  by  Mr.  Nathanial  Tooker  of  East  Orange,  N.  J., 
in  memory  of  his  wife. 

4  Dispensaries   (3  in  the  country). 

NINGPO— 

Dispensary  opened  in  1844 

There  is  a  small  hospital  in  a  neighboring  city  with 
a  Christian  Chinese  physician  in  charge. 

NORTH  CHINA: 

Union  Medical  Work  carried  on  at  Peking. 
*Lockhart    Union    ]Mcdical    College    for    Men, 

opened  1906 

fUnion  Medical  College  for  Women,  opened  1908 

JUnion  Training  School  for  Nurses,  opened  1906 

*3  classes  have  graduated — 48  doctors ;  one  of  these 

took  part  in  the  anti-plague  campaign, 
fl  class  graduated. 
$2  classes  graduated. 

*This  College  is  one  of  the  three  Union  Institutions 
established  jointly  by  the  North  China  Educational 
Union  (American  Board,  American  Presbyterian,  and 
London  Missionary  Society  Missions).  Subsequently 
the  Peking  University  of  the  American  Methodist 
Episcopal  Mission  joined  in  its  work.  The  College 
was  built  and  equipped  by  the  London  Missionary  So- 
ciety which  is  especially  responsible  for  its  mainte- 
nance. The  name  of  Lockhart  was  given  to  the  Col- 
lege in  honor  of  the  distinguished  pioneer  who  led  the 
way  as  the  first  Medical  Missionary  of  the  Society, 
and  indeed  of  any  British  Society.  The  main  building 
was  finished  and  opened  in  March,  190G,  and  the  dor- 
mitory section  in  1908 

81 


A  great  deal  of  interest  in  the  College  was  aroused 
at  the  outset  among  the  wealthy  and  governing 
classes,  and  Her  Imperial  Majesty,  the  late  Empress 
Dowager  of  China,  contributed  handsomely  to  its 
funds,  and  sent  a  special  Commissioner  to  open  it. 
It  has  received  another  mark  of  favor  in  being  reg- 
istered by  the  Imperial  Board  of  Education,  so  that 
its  successful  students  receive  a  Government  diploma. 


An  Ting  Hospital 


An   Ting   Dispensary 
82 


PEKING— 


Medical  work  begun 

An  Ting  Hospital  for  Men 

23  beds. 

Douw  Hospital  for  Women 

18  beds. 

2  Dispensaries. 


1883 
1903 

1902 


Au    Ding   Hospital    Ward — Man   with   broken   back 


PAOTINGFU— 

Medical  work  begun 
*"George    Yardley    Taylor    Memorial    Hospital 
for  Men" 
60  beds. 

"Hodge  Memorial   Hospital   for  Women" 
50  beds. 
2  Dispensaries. 

"The  George  Yardley  Taylor  Hospital",  erected  in 
memory  of  Dr.  Taylor,  who  perished  in  the  Boxer 
outbreak  of  1900,  by  his  classmates  of  Princeton  Uni- 
versity. Equipment  provided  by  gift  of  Dr.  B.  C.  At- 
terbury,  of  N.  Y.  Other  buildings  added  by  Mr.  E. 
B.  Sturgis,  of  Scranton,  Pa. 

"The  Hodge  Memorial  Hospital",  erected  with  funds 
received  from  Indemnity  Fund,  Dr.  Cortlandt  Van  R. 
Hodge  having  perished  in  the  Boxer  outbreak  of 
1900.  The  Indemnity  was  received  from  the  Chi- 
nese Government  for  property  destroyed  at  time  of 
outbreak. 

*Physician  in  charge  has  fitted  up  a  dental  room  and 
makes  his  own  tablets. 

84 


1893 
1904 
1901 


SHUNTEFU— 

Medical  work  begun 

"Hugh  O'Neill  Hospital",  memorial 

60  beds. 

Dispensary. 

Opium  wards  outside  main  building. 

Hospital  built  by  Mrs.  Hugh  O'Neill,  of  New  York, 
in  memory  of  her  husband.     (See  page  85.) 


1904 
1907 


Hope  Hospital,  Hwai  Yuen 


l^f^^^ 


Men's   Ward,   "Hope   Hospital" 
86 


KIANGAN: 

HWAI  YUEN— 

Medical  work  opened 
"Hope  Hospital" 
Dispensary. 

Hospital  building  erected  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Lobenstine, 
of  New  York,  in  memory  of  his  wife.  Has  ward 
for  women. 


1902 
1909 


NANKING: 

Union    Medical    College    in    connection    with 

Nanking  University 

Union  Training  School  for  Nurses 

Union  of  Presbyterians,  North  and  South;  Metho- 
dists, North  and  South;  Baptists,  North  and  South; 
Disciples. 


1911 
1910 


SHANTUNG: 


TSINAN-FU— 


Union  Medical  College  1911 

This  College  is  under  the  joint  control  of  the  English 
Baptist  and  American  Presbyterian  Missions  Plant 
provided  by  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  of  Lon- 
don. Aim  and  policy  of  the  College:  To  give  a 
medical  education  under  distinctively  Christian  influ- 
ences to  young  men,  chiefly  from  Christian  families. 
When  the  College  was  opened,  the  Governor  of  Shan- 
tung made  a  generous  gift  of  1000  taels  ($700  gold). 

1  Hospital  1910 

40  beds. 

1  Dispensary  1910 


Severance    Hospital,    Tengchow 
87 


TENGCHOW— 

Medical  work  opened 
*Preseiit  Hospital  occupied 
35  beds. 
2  Dispensaries. 

*Gift  of  the  late  Mr.  L.  H.  Severance,  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 


1878 
1912 


CHEFOO— 

Dispensary  work  begun 

"Temple  Hill"  Hospital 

80  beds. 
The  hospital  building,  the  gift  of  Dr.  ().  F.  Hills  and 
the  late  Mr.  L.  H.  Severance. 

The  Dispensary  is  capable  of  handling  3U,()iH)  patients 
annually. 

TSINGTAU— 

Medical   itinerating  work  among  wcimcn,   under  care 
of  a  woman  physician. 
WEI  HSIEN— 

Medical  work  opened 
Present  hospitals  opened 
Men's  Hospital. 
30  beds 
*Woman's  Hospital. 
15  beds. 

3  Dispensaries  opened 
*Money  for  an  isolation  ward  given  by  Presbytery  of 
Minneapolis. 


1908 
1913 


1882 
1900 


190G 


Woincirs    Dispensary,    Wei   Ilsien,    thina 
89 


TSINANFU— 

Medical  work  opened  1880 

Union  Medical  College  of  Shantung. 

University  located  here. 

"Mcllvaine  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men"  1892 

18  beds. 

"Louisa  Y.  Boyd  Hospital  for  Women"  1899 

13  beds. 

2  Dispensaries. 

The  Mcllvaine  Memorial  Hospital,  erected  from  a 
part  of  the  legacy  of  Rev.  Jasper  S.,  Mcllvaine,  as  a 
testimony  to  him,  he  having  founded  the  station  at 
Tsinanfu. 

The  Louisa  Y.  Boyd  Hospital,  given  by  the  late  Mrs. 
L.  Y.  Boyd,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

ICHOW-FU^ 

Medical  work  begun  1891 

Woman's  Hospital  1907 

50  beds. 

2  Dispensaries. 

"Floyd  D.  White  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men"  1899 

50  beds. 

These  hospitals  are  called  the  "Jesus  Hospitals". 
Women's  Hospital  given  by  the  Woman's  Board  of 
the  Southwest,  St.  Louis. 

Memorial  Hospital,  named  for  young  son  of  a  Mrs. 
White,  of  Mulberry,  Kansas. 

TSINING— 

"Rose  Bachman  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men"  1894 

60  beds. 

"Annie  M.  Hunter  Memorial  for  Women"  1895 

24  beds. 

1  Dispensary. 

"Rose  Bachman  Hospital"  given  by  1st  Presbyterian 

Church,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  memory  of  pastor's  wife. 

New   building   erected    1907   by    Women's    Board   of 

New  York. 

"Annie   M.   Hunter   Memorial",  given  by   Dr.    S.   A. 

Hunter  in  memory  of  his  mother. 

New  equipment  for  men's  wards  to  be  provided  from 

Kennedy  Fund  to  the  amount  of  $1,000. 

YI-HSIEN— 

Hospital  1907 

8  beds. 

Dispensary  1907 

90 


GUATEMALA: 

Medical  work  begun  in  Guatemala  City  1906 

Hospital  erected  1913 

12  beds.  '  U 

Medical  work  conducted   in  hospital   and   dispensary 

and  by  visits  to  the  homes. 

It  is  also  expected  to  conduct  a  Training  School  for 

Nurses. 

INDIA— PUNJAB: 

LAHORE— 

Dispensary  1819 

Work  conducted  for  a  number  of  years  by  natives.     ' 
Missionary  in  charge  since  1891 

Dispensary  at  JJ'agaJi  in  charge  of  missionary. 

SAHARANPUR— 

Dispensary  188;] 

Medical    missionary    does    much    medical    itinerating, 
having  a  large  van  fitted  up  for  the  purpose. 
Municipal  Leper  Asylum  at  Saharanpur,  under  Mis- 
sion management. 

SABATHU— 

Dispensary. 

Medical  work  opened  ISGG 

A  large  Leper  Asylum  connected  with  this  Station 
under  the  management  of  our  Mission  and  superin- 
tended by  a  physician  of  the  Presbyterian  Board. 

LUDHIANA— 

Medical  work  at  this  Station  carried  on  in  connection 

with  the  North  India  School  of  Medicine. 

The  North  India  School  of  Medicine  at  Ludhiana  was 


Hindu   Ward,    Ludhiana 
92 


founded  in  1894  by  Dr.  Edith  Brown  in  conjunction 
with  a  Committee  composed  of  medical  and  educa- 
tional missionaries  and  others  who  realized  the  need 
of  providing  medical  training,  combined  with  the  in- 
fluences of  a  Christian  home,  for  the  Christian  women 
of  India.  Its  primary  object  is  to  train  such  women 
as  desire  to  engage  in  Zenana  medical  missions  and  to 
fit  them  to  be  medical  missionaries  to  the  country- 
women. It  has  received  the  co-operation  of  some  of 
the  leading  missionary  societies  and  has  also  been 
recognized  by  Government  as  a  school  of  medicine. 
In  view  of  all  that  was  said  at  the  World  Missionary 
Conference  about  union  and  the  emphatic  need  of 
interdenominational  co-operation  in  supporting  good 
schools  and  colleges  for  the  training  of  Christian  help- 
ers, it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  that,  in  the  North 
India  School  of  Medicine,  such  an  institution  has  been 
found,  one  which  is  well  worthy  of  support.  For  a 
number  of  years  the  North  India  Mission  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  has  loaned  to  the  School  the  services 
of  one  of  its  medical  women  missionaries. 

JULLUNDUR— 

Station  opened  1846 

Aledical  missionary  has  a  traveling  dispensary. 

AM  BALA— 

Medical  work  opened  1866 

"Philadelphia  Hospital  for  Women"  1898 

20  beds. 

2  Dispensaries. 

1  Dispensary  for  Lepers. 

Leper  Asylum  1848 


Lupcr   A;.yluiu,    Auibala 
94 


The  Philadelphia  Hospital  for  Women  has  a  Me- 
morial ward  in  memory  of  Mary  N.  Thorpe,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, called  the  "Family  Ward".  Here  the  rela- 
tives can  stay  and  cook  for  the  patients.  Necessary 
on  account  of  caste.  Plospital  built  by  Woman's  For- 
eign Missionary  Society  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  25th 
anniversary  of  organization  of  Society. 

HOSHYARPORE— 

Dispensary  1901 

"Denny  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children". 
10  beds. 

Hospital  was  given  by   Miss   Anna  Denny   of   Brick 

Presbyterian  Church,  New  York  City. 

FEROZEPUR— 

Dispensary  1882 

Hospital  work  begun  1893 

"Francis    Newton    Hospital    for    Women    and 
Children"  1894 

Medical  itineration  at  outstation  of  Kasur. 

Hospital  built  by  late  Mrs.  Frank  J.  Newton. 

N.  INDIA: 

ALLAHABAD— 

'"''Dispensary  work  begun  1874 

"Sara  Seward  Hospital  for  Women"  1896 

22  beds. 
^''Allahabad  Dispensary  was  opened  August  11,  1890, 
in  which  year  the  number  of  patients  treated  num- 
bered 3,738.  During  a  plague  epidemic  in  1902,  the 
hospital  dispensary  record  showed  an  attendance  of 
over  18,000  from  January  to  August. 
At  the  close  of  one  year  of  work  in  the  dispensary, 
during  which  nearly  nine  thousand  patients  were 
treated,  the  physician  in  charge  says : 
"A  closer  acquaintance  with  the  people  has  given  an 
increasing  influence  for  good  along  many  lines.  It 
is  often  very  gratifying  to  see  the  efforts  made  to 
carry  out  directions,  under  great  difficulties.  Mothers, 
none  too  well  themselves,  will  come  long  distances  on 
foot  day  after  day,  bringing  in  their  arms  sick  chil- 
dren for  dressing  or  treatment,  when  caste  customs 
will  not  allow  them  to  remain  over  night  in  the  hos- 
pital. Some  have  asked  to  be  allowed  to  stay  all  day 
to  get  the  medicine  regularly  from  the  nurse  and  then 
go  home  for  the  night  returning  the  next  morning.  I 
always  let  them,  for  by  seeing  something  of  the  hos- 
pital they  become  less  superstitious. 
"All  the  patients  are  daily  taught  from  the  Bible, 
and  the  nurses  also  have  a  daily  lesson  with  the  Bible 
woman.     Each  morning  the  hospital  staff  assemble  in 

95 


the  dressing  room  for  prayers  and  then  the  day's  work 
begins.  We  have  been  able  to  open  several  homes 
where  the  Bible  had  never  been  taught,  and  now  some 
take  great  pleasure  in  preparing  their  Scripture  les- 
sons, where  a  short  time  ago  there  was  only  bitter 
opposition  to  Christianity. 

"It  is  encouraging  to  see  that  some  of  the  parents  are 
remembering  not  to  give  opium  to  the  children,  though 
it  is  still  the  usual  thing  and  the  panacea  for  all  ills  of 
both  old  and  young.  One  of  my  most  pleasant  duties 
is  the  attendance,  medically,  of  several  schools.  The 
difference  between  the  uneducated  women  and  girls 
and  those  in  the  schools,  such  as  the  Mary  Wana- 
maker  High  School  and  the  Lady  Muir  Memorial 
Training   School,  is  most  marked." 

Hospital  work  begun  in  1889,  but  no  building  having 
been  opened  until  1896,  the  buildings  erected  by  Dr. 
Seward  having  been  used  as  a  dispensary  up  to  1896. 
The  "Sara  Seward  Hospital"  was  named  in  memory 
of  the  devoted  missionary  by  that  name  who  was  on 
the  field  for  seventeen  years  and  died  of  cholera  in 
1891. 


Sarah    Seward   Hospital,   Allahabad,   India 

ETAH— 

Dispensary  work  begun  1900 

In  charge  of  a  trained  compounder. 

FATEHGARH— 

Medical  work  begun  1903 

Memorial  Dispensary  1910 

Memorial  Dispensary  built  and  equipped  by  Dr. 

Anna  M.  Fullerton  and  Miss  Mary  Fullerton  1907 

Given  to  Mission  in  1903 

Dispensary  at  outstation  of  Barhpur. 
This  is  for  boys  connected  with  the  Barhpur  orphan- 
age. 

96 


W.  INDIA: 

KOLHAPUR— 

]\Ie(lical   work   opened  1906 

Conducted  at  first  l)y  a  lay  missionary  during  an  out- 
break of  cholera. 

2  Dispensaries. 

"Marv  Wanless  :\Iemorial  Hospital"  1910 

30  beds. 

The  Memorial  Hospital  was  given  by  His  Highness, 
the  Maharajah  of  Kolhapur,  as  an  appreciation  of  the 
services  of  the  medical  stafif  of  the  Miraj  Hospital 
who  attended  him  after  a  serious  accident.  Named 
for  the  late  Mrs.  W.  J.  Wanless,  of  Miraj. 

KODOLI— 

Medical  work  opened  1901 

Ho-spital    (built  bv   famine  labor). 

55  beds. 

Dispensary. 
Hospital  temporarily  closed  and  Dispensary  in  charge 
of  an  Indian  assistant  and  superintended  by  the  Miraj 
Hospital  Stafif. 

V EN GU RLE- 
Dispensary — work  begun  1907 
Hospital  1908 
26  beds. 

2  out-station  dispensaries. 
Training  classes  for  nurses  and  compotmders. 

SANGLI— 

Dispensary  work  1887 

This  work  was  begun  by  Dr.  Wanless  and  continued 
by  him  for  two  years  until  he  was  transferred  to 
IVIiraj.  The  dispensary  was  first  fitted  up  in  one  end 
of  the  school-house  on  the  compound.  A  bathroom, 
5x8  feet,  with  the  addition  of  shelves  made  out  of 
packing  boxes,  served  as  a  compounding  room.  An- 
other room,  8  x  12,  with  a  table  and  chair,  served  as 
a  consulting  room.  The  open  court  in  front  of  the 
school  was  the  waiting  room.  Later  an  old  building  in 
the  city,  with  greater  space,  was  secured,  fitted  with  a 
new  door  and  windows,  sink  for  washing  purposes, 
rough  shelving  for  bottles,  packing  boxes  for  cup-* 
boards,  a  cloth  ceiling  for  protection  against  the  dust 
which  l)lew  in  through  the  tile  roof  and  curtain  sepa- 
rating the  consulting  and  compounding  from  the 
preaching  and  waiting  room,  with  a  few  rude  benches. 

97 


MIRAJ- 


Hospital 

New  Building 

75  beds. 

Dispensary  at  Station. 

3  Dispensaries  at  out-stations. 

Medical  School. 

Training  School  for  Nurses. 

Leper  Asylum 

Land  for  the  Hospital  was  secured  through  the  friend- 
liness of  a  prime  minister  of  the  State  of  Miraj  who 
had  been  a  patient  of  the  physician  in  charge. 
The  Hospital  was  the  gift  of  the  late  Mr.  John  H. 
Converse,  of  Philadelphia,  who  said  that  it  was  his 
"best  investment".  Before  he  died  he  had  the  satis- 
faction of  knowing  that  about  half  a  million  patients 
had  received  treatment  in  this  institution.  In  one 
year  alone  the  total  number  of  in-patients  was  almost 
1,500.  There  were  over  30,000  in  attendance  at  the 
dispensary  and  2,605  operations  performed,  of  which 
over  500  were  for  cataract. 

The  Hospital  has  fine  operating  room,  with  lecture  hall 
and  laboratory  for  the  medical  school. 


1894 
1904 


1901 


Miraj    Hospital 

The  present  Sherifif  of  Bombay  (1913)  has  given  an 
X-ray  apparatus  to  the  Hospital,  and  Plis  Highness, 
the  Maharajah  of  Kolhapur  has  presented  to  the  in- 
stitution a  plot  of  six  and  a  half  acres  of  land  on 
which  to  erect  more  buildings  as  funds  shall  warrant. 
A  new  Home  for  the  Nurses  is  being  built  as  the 
Jubilee  ofifering  of  the  Presbyterian  women  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

98 


The  Leper  Asyhiiii    is   supported  by   the   Mission   to 
Lepers  in  India  and  the  East,  but  superintended  by 
the  missionary  statT  at  Miraj  station. 
The  Medical  School  is  for  the  training  of  Indian  Chris- 
tian young-  men. 

Note. — At  a  meeting  of  the  MecHcal  Missionary  As- 
sociation of  Incha  held  in  r)oml)ay  in  I'\'l:)ruary,  1!»(»!), 
resohitions  were  passed  and  a  s])eeial  interdenomi- 
national connnittee  api)ointed  with  the  object  of  estab- 
lishing in  connection  with  one  of  the  existing  Mis- 
sionary hospitals,  a  Union  Medical  College  for  the 
training  of  Indian  Christian  young  men  to  work  among 
the  village  population  in  India.  With  this  in  pros- 
pect the  Medical  School  at  Miraj  is  being  enlarged. 
The  Medical  Association  of  India  has  endorsed  it,  and 
it  is  only  a  question  of  when  they  have  the  money  to 
so  ahead. 


KOREA: 


SEOUL— 


Medical  work  opened  1884 

"Severance  Hospital"  1905 

48  beds. 

Medical  College  and  Dispensary  1905 

New  buildings  1913 

Nurses'  Training  School  1905 

Dispensary,  memorial. 

Memorial  dispensary  established  with  gifts  from  ]\Irs. 

Huffh  O'Neill,  of  New  York. 


Severance   Medical    College    and    Hospital,    Seoul 


99 


Ward  in  Severance  Hospital 


"Severance  Hospital",  given  by  the  late  Mr.   L.   H. 
Severance,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  memory  of  his  wife. 


First  Graduates  of  Severance  Hospital,  Korea 
100 


Hospital  has  an  isolation  building  accommodating   G 
patients,  pharmacy,  dental  and  optical  dei)artments. 
Also   a    Pasteur    Institute    with    rabbit    pen    attached 
where  rabietic  virus  can  be  produced. 
From  the  Report  of  the  Korea  Mission    (iyi;3)    we 
quote:    "Severance"  is  now  an  almost  universal  con- 
traction  for  "Severance  Hospital",  and  it  is  used  to 
denote  the  whole  plant  which  has  passed  the  original 
and  simple  stage  of  hospital  and  has  become  an  insti- 
tution, for  it  is  gradually  developing  towards  its  ideal 
of  being  the  many-sided  institution  which  will  make 
it   complete    within    itself   along  the    lines    of   an   all- 
round  medical  plant. 
This  ideal : 

1.  A  hospital  equipped  and  manned  with  such  Ameri- 
can workers  as  will  make  it  as  capable  of  giving  relief 
from  suffering  and  saving  life  as  any  similar  institu- 
tion in  America. 

2.  The  instruction  of  Koreans  as  physicians  to  be 
associated  with  and  in  due  time  replace  Americans 
without  loss  of  efficiency  to  the  plant. 

3.  The  instruction  and  training  of  Korean  women  as 
nurses  on  the  same  basis  as  the  doctors. 

4.  The  training  of  specially  capable  doctors  and 
nurses  as  specialists  and  teachers  so  as  to  make  pos- 
sible the  teaching  of  numbers  to  do  effective  medical 
and  nursing  work  throughout  the  wdiole  country. 

5.  The  development  of  a  school  manned  ultimately 
by  these  trained  Koreans. 

6.  The  addition  of  a  department  of  medical  re- 
search both  for  training  native  scientists  and  investi- 
gating and  determining  the  cause  and  cure  of  dis- 
eases existing  in  Korea. 

7.  A  dental  department  for  treatment  and  teaching. 

8.  A  pharmaceutical  department  with  similar  aim  and 
with  the  additional  one  of  providing  the  rest  of  our 
institutions  with  prepared  drugs  and  appliances. 

9.  An  optical  department  for  the  relief  of  diseases, 
refraction  and  the  manufacture  of  lenses. 

10.  To  provide  for  a  considerable  supporting  rev- 
enue by  the  careful  conduct  of  those  lines  of  busi- 
ness which  are  naturally  closely  allied  to  medical 
work,  such  as  manufacturing  and  wholesale  phar- 
macy, optical  manufacturing  and  sales  department,  etc. 

PYENG  YANG— 

Medical  work  begun  1895 

"Caroline  A.  Ladd  Hospital"  190G 

25  beds. 
Hospital  was  given  by  the  late  Mrs.  Wm.  S.  Ladd, 
who   was    President   of   the   North   Pacific   Board   of 
Missions  for  twenty-one  years. 

101 


Waiting   Room   and   Chapel,    "Caroline  A.    Ladd   Hospital",   Pyeng  Yang 

This  hospital  is  called  by  the  natives  the  "Jesus  Doc- 
trine Hospital". 

Mr.   W.   M.   Ladd,  of   Portland,   has   made   a  yearly 
gift  of  $250  for  charity  beds. 

FUSAN — Medical  work  begun 

"Junkin  Memorial  Hospital" 

25  beds. 

"Mary  Collins  Whiting  Dispensary" 

Dispensary  was  begun  in 

Small  hospital 

Leper  Asylum. 


1891 
1900 

1900 
1892 
1893 


S^HIH 

■^^■tt 

^^1 

HiPHB 

"^B 

HBI 

nm 

The   Leper  Asylum  near   I'lisan,   Korea 
102 


^*i ^Sgf  ^^ZSj^^                         ^''   ' 

9 

^ml  '^ 

wUKKm.4J^ 

)iL 

^^^ 

•11 

Sycn-Cliun    Hospital 

SVEN  CH UN- 
Work  begun 
Dispensary  built 
Hospital 
IG  beds. 

]\Iedical  students  under  instruction. 

The    hospital    building    was    the    gift    of    California 

Young  People's  Societies. 

TAIKU— 

Work  begun 
Plospital,  2-i  beds. 
Dispensary. 

CHAI  RYONG— 

Work  begun 

Hospital 

1-i  beds. 

1  Dispensary. 
Hospital   was  gift  of   Madison   Avenue    Presbyterian 
Church,  New  York  City. 

CHONG JU— 

Dispensary — work  begun 
"Duncan  Memorial  Hospital" 
20  beds. 
Hospital  gift  of  Mrs.  John  V.  Duncan,  of  Nfew  York. 

AN  DONG— 

Medical  work  begun 
Dispensary. 

"Cornelius  P>aker  Memorial  Hospital"  (in  pro- 
cess of  erection). 

Given  by  Mrs.  A.   F.   Schaufller,  New  York  City,  in 
memory  of  her  father. 

103 


1901 
1905 
1906 


1898 


190G 
1907 


1907 
1910 


1911 


"Duncan    Hospital",    Choni 


RANG  KAI— 

Medical  work  opened 

Hospital 

30  beds. 

1  Dispensary. 

Hospital  given  by  tbe  late  Mr.  John  S.  Kennedy,  of 
New  York  City. 


1909 
1911 


E.  PERSIA: 


TEH  ERA  N- 


Medical  work  opened  1881 

Hospital  for  Men  and  Women  1892 

3  Dispensaries. 

Land  for  Hospital  given  by  Prime  Minister.  Woman's 

Ward  given  by  mother  of  a  nobleman. 

Several  classes  of  physicians  have  been  educated  here. 

H AM  AD AN— 

2  Dispensaries  1881 

"Lily  Reid  Holt  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men"  1907 

25  beds. 

"Whipple  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women"  1902 

8  beds. 

The  "Lily  Reid  Holt  Memorial   Hospital"   result   of 
gifts  through  Mrs.  Simon  Reid,  Lake  Forest,  111. 

104 


The  "Whipple  Memorial  Hospital"  in  Memory  of 
Mr.  W.  L.  Whipple,  missionary  in  liamadan  from 
1872-79  and  1S!>!)-1!)()1.  Inuids  collected  by  his  widow. 


Operating    Room,    Teheran    Hospital 


RESHT— 

Medical  work  opened 

Dispensary. 

Hospital 

7  beds. 
Branch  dispensary  and  drug  room  in  I^ahijan,  .')()  miles 
east  of  Resht. 


1905 
1909 


Room  in   Hospital,   Rcslit,   Persia 
107 


Ilosi'ital   patitnts,    Kuslit,   J' 


KASVIN- 


Medical  work  begun 
Dispensary. 


Patients   of   Kasvin    Dispensary,    Persia 

KERMANSHAH— 

Opened  as  a  Station  in 

Dispensary  carried  on  in  private  house. 

W.  PERSIA: 

U  RUM  I  A— 

Medical  work  begun 

Dispensary. 

"Westminster  Hospital" 

100  beds. 

"Howard  Annex  for  Women" 
The    central    building    of    the    Westminster    Hospital 
given  by  Mr.  S.  M.  Clements,  of  Buffalo,  in  memory 

108 


1902 


1911 


1835 

1880 
1890 


One   of  the 


inl^,   Westminster   Hospital,    Urumia,    Persia 


of  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Cochran,  for  twenty-seven  years  a 
medical  missionary  at  Urumia. 
TABRIZ— 

Medical  work  begun 
''"'Whipple  Hospital  for  Women" 

12  beds. 

Dispensary  for  Men. 

Dispensary  for  Women. 
Hospital  named   for  Rev.   W.   L.  Whipple,   who   left 
the  field  in  1901  and  who,  on  leaving,  gave  his  resi- 
dence for  a  hospital  for  women. 

*Not  in  operation  at  present. 


1873 
1901 


Men's  llosiiilal,  Tabriz 
109 


.  • 

Iliiiiiinf^ 

. .  H^-r^lgUl 

ill^i^f^ 

H|^^ 

^MRjIl^'^'^^iLi^MUdyHy^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

QHhw 

^^K 

BHI 

Whipple  Hospital   for  Women,  Tabriz 


PHILIPPINES: 

ILOILO— 

Medical  work  begun 

"Sabine  Haines  Memorial  Hospital" 

65  beds. 

1  Dispensary. 

Nurses'  Training  School. 

Hospital  named   in  memory  of  the  son  of   Mr.   and 

Mrs.  Charles  D.   Haines,  of  New  York.     This  is  a 

Union  Hospital  with  the  Baptists.     52  of  the  65  beds 

are  for  the  poor. 

Concrete   ward    for   women  given   by   Mr.   and    Mrs. 

Dunwoody,  of  Minneapolis. 

The  first  hospital  to  be  opened  in  the  Islands  for  the 

care  of  the  poor. 

Training  School  graduated  the  first  nurses  trained  in 

the  Philippine  Islands. 


1899 
1905 


f             '"    -^ 

^^^^^^^^^^^^BSflHEuflBi  SP'^M  z^^^~~^--' 

11^^  ^  •     .& 

Iloilo  Hospital,   Dunwoody  Annex 

110 


DUMAGUETE— 

Medical  work  begun  1901 

Hospital  1903 

40  beds. 

Dispensary. 
Ice  plant   for  hospital  given  as  a  memorial   to  Wil- 
lard  Hubbell,  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clarence  W.  Hub- 
bell,  director  of  Public  Works  for  the  Philippines,  by 
]\Irs.  George  R.  Clark,  of  Detroit,  Mich. 

LEYTE— 

Hospital  1907 

Dispensary. 

TAGBILARAN— 

Medical  work  opened  in  1909 

Hospital. 

Dispensary. 


LliaiJcl  and  Hospital,   Tagbilaian 

BOHOL— 

Work  opened 
Hospital. 
20  beds. 
Built  from  Kennedy  Fund. 
LACUNA— 

Medical  work  begun 
Dispensary. 
Large  medical  work  carried  on  in  out-patient  visits. 
Work  among  the  Lepers  at  the   Government  Leper 
Colony  on  the  Island  of  CuHon  in  charge  of  a  Fil- 
ipino evangelist. 

113 


1909 


1907 


Dispensary,    Tagbilaran 


SIAM: 


BANGKOK— 


Medical  work  begun 
Hospital 
40  beds. 
Dispensary. 

Hospital — The  building  now  occupied  by  hospital 
and  dispensary  has  been  loaned  during  his  lifetime  by 
the  Vice-minister  of  the  Department  of  Foreign 
Affairs  who  became  interested  in  the  work  being  done 


1887 
1909 


Bangkok    Hospital 
114 


by  the  physician  in  charge.  The  building,  originally 
a  tenement  house,  has  been  transformed  into  a  two- 
story  hospital  with  five  wards  accommodating  40 
patients. 

In  offering  the  use  of  the  building  the  Vice-Minister 
made  the  following  conditions  : 

1.  "That  charitable  medical  work  shall  always  be  done 
in  the  hospital. 

2.  "That  the  hospital  shall  not  become  a  money-mak- 
ing institution,  nor  be  diverted  in  any  way  from  medi- 
cal missionary  work,  but  fees  shall  be  charged  to 
those  who  are  able  to  pay  and  donations  may  be  re- 
ceived to  provide  for  the  expenses  of  the  hospital 
and  upkeep  of  the  rooms  of  the  hospital  in  repairs 
both  in  and  out. 

3.  "That  the  Mission  shall  permanently  provide  a 
medical  missionary  who  shall  have  charge  of  the  hos- 
pital, including  such  religious  exercises  he  may  see  fit, 
but  during  the  absence  on  furlough  of  such  medical 
missionary,  if  the  Mission  should  find  that  no  suitable 
medical  missionary  were  available  for  this  work,  I 
consent  to  have  the  hospital  closed  after  suitable 
notice  until  his  return,  with  the  understanding  that  it 
will  then  be  opened. 

4.  "That  in  case  the  Mission  should  fail  to  carry  out 
these  conditions,  or  for  any  other  reason  should  be 
obliged  to  abandon  this  hospital  work  at  any  time,  the 
building  shall  revert  thereby  to  my  use  and  control. 
It  is  my  intention  to  include  in  this  offer  other  rooms 
of  this  row  of  buildings  as  the  needs  and  growth  of 
the  work  may  demand,  and  this  offer  shall  remain  in 
force  as  long  as  the  Mission  fulfills  the  above  condi- 
tions. I  request  that  you  make  known  this  offer  to 
your  Board  in  New  York,  with  whatever  recommenda- 
tion your  Mission  may  see  fit  to  make  and  with  my 
assurance  that  the  hospital  will  remain  wholly  under 
the  control  of  the  Siam  ^Mission." 

The  operating-room  outfit  was  contributed  by  the 
First  Church  of  Oak  Park,  111. 

PETCHABURI— 

Medical  work  begun  18(51 

Hospital,  32  beds. 

Dispensary. 

The  King  of  Siam,  in  1888,  gave  $2,400  toward  the 
enlargement  to  the  Hospital  to  show  his  appreciation 
of  the  work. 

Ward  for  women,  given  by  Queen  of  Siam.  1895 

First  Church,  Pittsburgh,  gave  equipment  for  oper- 
ating-room. 

115 


RATBURI— 

Medical   work  begun 

Dispensary 

Hospital 

10  beds. 
Land  and  hospital  buildings   occupied   rent    free   on 
conditicin  that  school  and  medical  work  shall  be  main- 
tained.    Given  by  Government.     Native  physician  in 
charge. 

PITSANULOKE— 


A  small  hospital  of  14  beds  was  built  in  1890,  but  the 
present  building  was  not  completed  finally  until  1908 
when  a  new  ward  and  operating  room  were  added. 
The  Hospital  was  given  by  the  High  Commissioner 
of  the  region  as  a  memorial  to  his  mother. 

NAKAWN— 

Medical  work  begun  in 

Dispensary. 

"Sri  Tamarat  Hospital"   (Memorial) 

40  beds. 
Land  for  Hospital  given  by  Government  on  payment 
of  nominal  fee;  hospital  erected  largely  by  gifts  from 
Siamese  friends.  Beds  are  nearly  all  memorial,  given 
by  Siamese  nobles.  Waterworks,  kitchen  and  dining 
room  given  bv  King  when  he  was  Crown  Prince. 


1889 
1889 
1896 


Medical  work  begun 

1899 

Hospital 

1908 

24  beds. 

2  Dispensaries 

1899 

Branch  Dispensary  and  preaching  place  in  mar- 

ket 

1909 

1883 
1907 


Administration   Building,    Sri   Tamarat   Hospital 
116 


Dispensary,   Sri   Tamarat  Hospital 


TAP  TEANG— 


Hospital 

28  beds. 

1  Dispensary. 
Given  by  the  High  Commissioner  of  Puket  Province 
in  gratitude  for  his  recovery  from  a  serious  illness.  He 
was  treated  by  a  missionary  of  the  Board. 


1911 


LAOS: 


CHIENG  MAI- 


Medical  work  begun  by  Dr.   McGilvary 

Hospital 

12  beds. 


1867 
1887 


Chieng  Mai  Leper  Asylum 
118 


Dispensary 

Leper  Asylum,  32  inmates;  49  patients  under 

care  of  Asylum. 
Land   for  the  Leper  Asylum  given  by  a  son  of  the 
last  King  of  Laos.     Asylum  located  on  an  island  in 
the  Me  Ling  River. 


1875 


Lepers  at  Cliieng   Mai 

The  ground  for  the  Hospital  was  given  by  a  brother 
of  the  King  several  years  before  the  Hospital  build- 
ing was  erected,  with  the  provision  that  it  be  used  for 
missionary  purposes  only.  The  donor  himself  was  a 
Buddhist. 

LAKAWN— 

Medical  work  begun 

Hospital  given  by  the  Governor  of  the  Province 
16  beds. 

"Van  Santvoord  Memorial  Hospital" 
Ward  for  Women  and  Children  added 
^  2  Dispensaries. 

25  beds  in  all. 
Memorial  Ward  given  by  Miss  Van  Santvoord  and 
.  Mrs.  Wilton  Merle  Smith,  New  York  City. 
Another  ward  given  by  five  men  of  Lakawn,  headed 
by  the   Governor's  brother.     One  of   the  men  gave 
teak  logs  for  the  work  and  assisted  in  the  erection  to 
show  his  gratitude  for  the  care  of  his  wife  and  son 
in  the  hospital. 
NAN— 

Medical  work  begun 

Hospital 

Dispensary 

119 


1885 
1892 

1904 
1906 


1883 
1900 
1895 


CHIENG  RAI— 

Medical  work  begun  1897 

"Overbrook  Memorial  Hospital"  1911 

4-i  beds. 

Dispensary. 

20  Branch  Dispensaries. 
Hospital  given  in  memoriam  by  family  of  Mr.  John 
B.    Gest,   of   Philadelphia.      Furnished   and   equipped 
by  Mr.  John  M.  Gest. 

PRE— 

1   Hospital. 

1  Dispensary. 

SYRIA: 

BEIRUT— 

Medical  work  begun  1863 

No  medical  work  under  care  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board,  owing  to  the  presence  of  the  Johanniter  Hos- 
pital in  this  city,  supported  by  the  German  order  of 
the  Knights  of  St.  John,  and  cared  for  by  the  medi- 
cal staff  of  the  Syrian  Protestant  College. 

JUNIEH — 15  miles  across  the  Bay  from  Beirut. 

2  Dispensaries. 

1  Hospital  1903 
30  beds. 

Tuberculosis  Sanitorium  1908 

TRIPOLI— 

Medical  work  begun  1863 

2  Dispensaries. 

"Kennedy  Memorial  Hospital". 

40  beds. 

Medical  work  for  women  under  care  of  woman 

physician,  begun  1908 


Tripoli  Hospital 
120 


The  printed  labels  with  Arabic  on  the  Margin  are 
used  on  bottles  of  medicine  dispensed  at  the  Hospital, 
As  the  natives  never  take  off  a  label  on  a  bottle  when 
they  wash  it  they  have  the  texts  constantly  before 
them  when  they  use  the  bottle.  We  give  a  repro- 
duction of  one. 

It  is  common  to  see  bottles  in  daily  use  with  a  highly 
colored  label  of  "Beer",  "Cognac"  and  "Whisky"  still 
on;  but  the  hospital  medicine  bottle,  with  its  label 
on  which  are  Bible  texts,  is  a  constant  reminder  of 
the  Word  of  God  and  will  do  the  readers  good,  not 
harm. 

This  is  one  of  the  labels  pasted  on  the  bottles  of  medi- 
cine that  is  dispensed  at  the  Presbyterian  Mission  Hos- 
pital at  Tripoli,  Syria. 

But  if  we  walk  in  the  light,  as  He  is  in  the  light,  we 
have  fellowship  one  with  another,  and  the  blood  of  Jesus 
Christ  His  Son  cleanseth  us  from  all  sin. — 1st  John  1 :7. 

And  in  none  other  is  there  salvation :  for  neither  is 
there  any  other  name  under  heaven,  that  is  given  among 
men,  wherein  we  must  be  saved. — Acts  4  :12. 

I  create  the  fruit  of  the  lips ;  Peace,  peace,  to  him  that 
is  far  off,  and  to  him  that  is  near,  saith  Jehovah;  and  I 
will  heal  him. — Isaiah  57:19. 

Bless  Jehovah,  O  my  soul, 

And  forget  not  all  his  benefits: 

Who  forgiveth   all  thine  iniquities ; 

Who  healeth   all   thy   diseases. — Psalms   lO:]  :2,  3. 


TOTAL  OF  HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES 

Hospitals        Dispensaries 

Africa   3  6 

China    29  34 

India    8  21 

Guatemala   1 

Korea    10  7 

Persia    6  10 

Philippines    4  5 

Siam    6  7 

Laos   5  26 

Syria   2  4 

74  120 

Institutions  for  Blind  and  Deaf 3 

Leper  Asylums 6 

Medical  Schools  and  Colleges 3 

Refuge  for  Insane   1 

Training  Schools  for  Nurses 4 

Union  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries 3 

Union  Medical   Colleges 4 

Union  Schools  for  Nurses 2 

121 


APPENDIX  C. 

Number  of  patients  treated  in  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries  for 
ten  years,  ending  April  1st,  1913: 

Total  treated   4,340,232 

Total  by  countries : 

Africa   •J'7,329 

China 1,524,467 

Guatemala   ( 3  years ) 5,613 

India    1,274,237 

Korea    500,367 

Philippines    116,397 

Persia 363,573 

Siam  140,019 

Laos   216,185 

Syria 122,045 

Total 4,340,232 

Total  of  grant  by  the  Board  for  Medical  work  for  ten  years 
ending  April  1st,  1913,  $261,584. 

Total  of  amount  raised  on  the  field  for  medical  work  in  the 
same  period,  $450,114. 

The  amount  appropriated  by  the  Board  does  not  include  the 
salaries  of  the  medical  missionaries,  new  property  or  repairs  on  old. 

Cost  per  patient  (not  including  missionaries'  salaries,  or  prop- 
erty, which  would  approximately  double  it),  16  cents. 


122 


APPENDIX  D. 


Partial  list  of  diseases  treated  by  the  medical  missionary  in  the  various 
countries  where  the  Board  carries  on  Medical  Mission  work: 


AFRICA : 

Dengue  fever. 
Eye-worm. 
Hook-worm. 
Leprosy. 
Malaria. 

Skin  diseases  of  all  kinds. 
Sleeping  sickness. 
Smallpox. 
Ulcers. 
CHINA: 

Beri-Beri. 

Cholera— treated  with   saline   in- 
fusion. 
Digestive  troubles — especially  in- 
testinal parasites. 
Diseases  of  the  eye : 
Cataracts. 

Entropion — inturned  eye- 
lashes. 
Trachoma. 
Dropsy. 
Dysentery. 

Fistula  in  Ano — very  common. 
Gangrene — senile,  etc. 
Goitre. 
Hook-worm. 
Hydrophobia. 
Insanity : 

Epileptic. 
Melancholia. 
Paresis. 
Paranoia. 
Kala  Azar. 
Leprosy. 
Lock-jaw. 
Malaria. 

Measles  and  other  exanthemata. 
Opium  intoxication. 
Plague — bubonic  and  pneumonic. 
Rheumatism. 
Scarlet  fever. 
Skin   diseases — all   forms. 
Small-pox. 
Spleno-megaly. 

Syphilis — acquired  and  hereditary. 
Tuberculosis  in  various  forms — 
one-third    to    one-half    of    all 
cases. 
Tumors. 
Typhus  fever. 
Vesical  calculus. 


GUATEMALA: 
Dysentery. 
Enteritis. 
Gastro-enteritis. 
Intestinal  parasites: 
Hook-worm. 
Tape-worm. 
Measles. 
Small-pox. 
Whooping  cough. 
Stomach    and   intestinal   troubles 
prevalent. 
INDIA  : 

Ankylostomiasis   (Hook-worm 

disease). 
Beri-Beri. 
Cataracts. 
Cholera. 
Dengue  fever. 
Dysentery. 
Elephantiasis. 
Guinea-worm. 
Gynecological  surgery. 
Intestinal  parasites. 
Kala  Azar. 
Leprosy. 
Liver  abscess. 
Malaria. 

Mycetoma  (Fungus  foot). 
Plague. 

Relapsing  fever. 
Stone. 

Tuberculosis. 

Ulcers — stomach  and  duodenum. 
KOREA : 

Diseases  of  the  Ear: 
Mastoiditis. 
Otitis — externa. 
Otitis — media. 
Rupture  of  membrane — by 

violence. 
Surditis. 
Diseases  of  the  Eye : 
Astigmatism. 
Blepharitis. 
Cataract. 
Chalzzion. 
Conjunctivis. 
Corneal  Ulcer. 
Dacrocystitis. 
Entropion. 
Hemeralopia. 


Note.— In  Shantung  reported  that  one-third  of  all  cases  are  tubercular, 
one-third  venereal,  and  other  diseases  claim  other  third. 

Note.— In  1903  reported  epidemics  of  "plague,  cholera,  dysentery, 
measles,  small-pox,  catarrhal  ophthalmia,  influenza,  dengue  or  remittent  fever." 

123 


KOREA  :  Continued 

Hordeolum. 

Hypopion. 

Iritis. 

Keratitis. 

Leucoma — very   common. 

Pan-ophthalmitis — common. 

Pythisis  bulbi — common. 

Pterygium. 

Ptosis. 

Staphyloma — common. 

Trachoma — common. 
Diseases  of  Nose: 

Polypus. 

Rhinitis — acute. 

atrophic, 
chronic. 

Septal  deviation. 
Infectious  diseases: 

Cholera — rare. 

Diphtheria. 

Dysentery. 

Erysipelas. 

Malaria. 

Measles. 

Mumps. 

Pertussis — ''donkey   cough". 

Pyemia. 

Rheumatism. 

Tuberculosis. 

Typhoid. 

Typhus. 

Variola. 
Nervous  diseases : 

Brain  abscess. 

Cephalagia — anemic,   com- 
mon, ocular,  specific. 

Epilepsy — major,   minor, 
traumatic. 

Edema. 

Hemiplegia. 

Hernia  of  the  brain. 

Insomnia. 

Melancholia. 

Meningitis. 

Monoplegia. 

Neurasthenia. 

Paralysis. 

Tic. 

Torticollis. 
Parasitic  infections: 

Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

Oxyuris  vermicularis. 

Paragonimus  Westermani. 

Tape-worm. 
Other  diseases : 

Abscesses — galore. 

Acne. 

Adenoids. 

Anal  fissure. 

Anal  prolapse. 

Angina   (Vincent's)   —  com- 
mon. 

Aphthae. 


Arthritis. 

Arterio-palpitatio. 

Arterio-sclerosis. 

Boils. 

Bronchitis,  acute  and  chronic 

— common. 
Broncho-pneumonia. 
Cancrum  oris. 
Cancer. 
Carbuncles. 
Carcinoma. 

Catarrhus — acute   gastric. 
Cellutitis. 

Congestion  of  the  lungs. 
Condylomata. 
Dental  caries. 
Dermatitis. 
Eczema. 
Empyema. 
Endometritis. 
Enteroptopsis — common. 
Espohago — stenosis. 
Epidiymitis. 
Fistula  in  Ano. 
Gall  stone. 
Ganglion. 
Gangrene. 
Gastrecrasis. 
Gastroptosis. 
Gastro-intestinal. 
Gonorrhea — common. 
Hematuria. 
Hemorrhoids. 
Hemoptysis. 
Hepatic  cirrhodid. 
Hernia. 
Herpes. 
Hydrocele. 

Hypertrophied  tonsils. 
Icterus. 
Impetigo. 

Ischio-rectal  abscess. 
Jaimdice. 
Keloid. 

Kidney  diseases. 
Laryngitis. 
Liver  abscess. 
Lupus  Erythematisis. 
Lymphadenitis. 
Malaria. 
Mastitis. 

Mitral  insufficiency. 
Myalgia. 
Nephritis. 
Onychia. 
Orchitis. 
Osteomyelitis. 
Pediculosis    pernio. 
Peritonitis. 
Pes  planus. 
Pharyngitis. 
Phimosis. 

Phlegmon  of  hand. 
Proctitis. 
Psoriasis. 


124 


KOREA  :   Continued 
Scabies. 
Small-pox. 
Stomatitis. 
Synovitis. 
Syphilis — common. 
Thecitis. 
Urinary  fistula. 
Urinary  retention. 
Urinary  suppression. 
Vitiligo. 

PHILIPPINES : 
Abscess  of  liver. 
Accidents  of  pregnancy. 
Affections  of  the  bones. 
Alcoholism. 
Amputations. 
Anemia. 
Aneurism. 
Agina  pectoris. 
Apoplexy. 
Asiatic  cholera. 
Asthma. 
Atheroma. 
Beri-Beri. 
Bronchitis. 
Broncho  pneumonia. 
Cataracts. 

Cerebral  congestion   and  hemor- 
rhage. 
Cirrhosis  of  liver. 
Congenital  malformation. 
Convulsions  of  children. 
Dengue. 
Diabetes. 
Diarrhea. 

Diseases  of  the  eye  and  car. 
Diseases  of  the  joints. 
Diseases  of  the  skin. 
Dislocations. 
Dropsy. 
Dysentery. 
Eclampsia. 
Elephantiasis. 
Encephalitis. 
Endocarditis. 
Enteritis. 
Epilepsy. 
Erysipelas. 
Fractures. 
Gangrene. 
Goiter. 

Gynecological  cases. 
Hemorrhages. 
Hemorrhoids. 
Hernia. 

Intermittent  fever. 
Intestinal  parasites. 
Leprosy. 

Locomotor  ataxia. 
Malarial  cachexia. 
Malignant  tumors. 
Measles. 


fKspccially    prevalent. 


Meningitis. 

Nephritis. 

Pericarditis. 

Phlebitis. 

Plague. 

Pleurisy. 

Pneumonia. 

Potts'  disease. 

Puerperal  hemorrhage. 

Puerperal  septicaemia. 

Rabies. 

Rheumatism. 

Pulmonary  emphysema. 

Septicaemia. 

Small-pox. 

Sprue. 

Tetanus. 

Tropical  ulcers. 

Tuberculosis. 

Typhoid  fever. 

Varices. 

Venereal  diseases. 

Whooping  cough. 
SI  AM : 

Abscess — 
Antrum. 
*Breast. 
Hip — tubercular  hip. 
Kidney. 
Rib. 
Rectal. 
Addison's  disease. 
Adentitis — all   forms. 
Adenoids. 
Amputations. 

Anemia — pernicious,  splenic. 
Ankylosis — various  joints. 
Aortic  insufficiency. 
Arthritis — many   varieties. 
Ascitis. 
Asthma. 

Auto-intoxication. 
*Beri-Beri. 
Bright's  disease. 
Bronchitis. 
*Calcnlus — vesical. 
Carbuncle. 

Carcinoma   (cancer). 
*Cataract. 
*Cholera. 
Chorea — St.  Vitus'  dance. 
Cleft  palate. 
Conjunctivitis. 
Constipation. 
Corneal  ulcer. 
Cysts — dermoid,   ovarian. 
Cystitis. 
Cystocele. 
*Dengue  fever. 
Dermatitis. 

Deformities — various  forms. 
Diabetes. 
Dislocations. 

•Found   in   part  of  Laos  only. 


125 


SIAM :   Conti  niied 
*Dysentery. 

Eczema. 
*Elephantiasis. 

Entropion. 

Epilepsy. 

Fistula — ano,  recto-vaginal. 

Floating  kidney. 

Fractures. 

Gangrene. 

Gastritis. 

Glaucoma. 

*Goitre — exophthalmic,  hyperthy- 
roid,  hypothyroid. 

Gonorrhea. 

Gumma. 

Hare  lip. 

Heat  exhaustion. 

Hemorrhage — lung.   . 

Hemorrhoids. 

Hernia. 

Hydrocele. 

Intestinal  obstruction. 
*Iritis. 

Jaundice. 

Keratitis. 

Labor  cases — instrument. 

Leprosy. 
*Malaria. 
tMalaria — malignant. 

Middle  ear — diseases. 

Mumps. 

Neuralgia — facial. 

Ophthalmia — neonatorium. 

Opium  habit. 

Paralysis. 

Peritonitis. 

Phimosis. 

Phlebitis. 
*Plague. 

Pleurisy. 

Poisoning — anemic,     croton     oil, 
cystocele,  iris,  rectum. 

Pruritis  ani. 
^Pterygium. 

Ptosis. 
*Rachitis. 

Sarcoma. 

Sepsis. 

Sinus   (rib). 

Skin  diseases — all  kinds. 
*Small-pox. 

Squint. 

Staphyloma. 

Stomatitis. 

Strabismus. 

Stone  in  ureter. 
*Stone  in  bladder. 

Sun  fever. 

Syphilis — all   stages. 

Tabes  dorsalis. 

Titanus. 

Tonsilitis. 


Trachoma. 

Tropical  liver. 

Tuberculosis. 

Typhoid  fever. 
*Ulcers — many  kinds. 

Ulcers — tropical. 

Uremia. 

Vaginitis. 

Varicose  veins. 

Vulvo  vaginal  abscess. 

Whooping  cough. 
*Wounds   —  knife,    bullet,     stab, 
gored,    tiger    bite,    svi^ord    fish 
bite,  snake  bite. 

*Worms — intestinal. 
LAOS: 

Acute  eye  affections. 
Appendicitis. 
Cataract. 

Constitutional    affections     conse- 
quent in  malarial  fever. 
Dysentery    and    other    intestinal 

affections. 
Fractures  from  falls. 
Liver  and  kidney  affections. 
Malarial  fever — very  prevalent — 
commonly  fatal  with  children. 
Pneumonia     and     such     kindred 

diseases. 
Skin  diseases. 
Small-pox. 

Stone  in  the  bladder. 
Tuberculosis. 
Typhoid  fever. 

Wounds  from  knives  and  swords, 
and  goring  by  the  buffalo  and 
elephant. 
SYRIA  : 

Contagious  diseases : 

Cholera — Asiatic — occasion- 
ally. 
Diphtheria — occasionally — 

very  severe. 
Mumps. 

Plague — bubonic — occasion- 
ally. 
Rubeola,  measles — very  com- 
mon. 
Scarlatina — rare. 
Small-pox,  confluent  —  com- 
mon. 
Whooping  cough — very  com- 
mon. 
Infectious  diseases: 

Dysentery — very  common. 
Fevers : 

Dengue  or  breakbone. 
Malta  fever — gastro-re- 

mittent. 
Peri-typhoid,     mild     and 
severe — common. 


*Found  in   part  of  Laos  only. 


tEspecially    prevalent. 


126 


SYRIA  :   Continued 

Jyphoid — enteric. 
Typhus. 
Leprosy. 
Malaria. 

Ophthalmia — causing 
Entropion. 
Granular  lids. 
Trichiasis. 

And    many    diseases    at- 
tacking  globe   of   eye. 
Septicaemia — blood  poison. 
Tuberculosis  in  all  its  forms. 
Parasites  within  the  body  : 

Bidharzia — a  dreadful  dis- 
ease common  in  some 
parts  of  Syria. 
Distoma  hapalicand  —  liver 
fluke  —  also  known  as 
"Liver  rot,"  caused  by  eat- 
ing diseased  sheep's  livers. 
Guinea-worm. 


Pellagra. 

Phagedaerie — devouring  sore 
or  perforating  ulcer. 

Round  worm. 

Sleeping  sickness. 

Taenia   Echinococeus    (hydi- 
did  cyst). 
Parasites  without  the  body : 

Aleppo  button — Delhi  sore. 

Anthrax — common    in    sum- 
mer, usually  fatal. 

Calculi — urinary — biliary. 

Cancer. 

Cataract — senile     an<l     trau- 
matic. 

Elephantiasis. 

Glaucoma. 

Pernicious  anemia. 

Rheumatism. 

Scabes — itch. 

Skin    diseases    in    ail    forms, 
common   and  rare. 


127 


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